{"id":"https://openalex.org/W49873312","doi":null,"title":"Guidelines for laboratory testing and result reporting of antibody to hepatitis C virus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","display_name":"Guidelines for laboratory testing and result reporting of antibody to hepatitis C virus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W49873312","mag":"49873312","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12585742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12585742","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12585742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports","raw_type":"Guideline"},"volume":null,"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109387173","display_name":"Miriam J. Alter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160401","display_name":"National Center for Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmke174","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I4210109567","https://openalex.org/I4210121439","https://openalex.org/I4210160401"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miriam J Alter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Infectious Diseases, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Infectious Diseases, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160401"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007139380","display_name":"Wendi L. Kuhnert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendi L Kuhnert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109911280","display_name":"Lyn Finelli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyn Finelli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":318,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"RR-3","first_page":"1","last_page":"13, 15; quiz CE1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-c-virus","display_name":"hepatitis C virus","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-hcv-antibody-testing","display_name":"anti-HCV antibody testing","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confirmatory-testing","display_name":"confirmatory testing","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-screening-results","display_name":"false-positive screening results","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-c-surveillance","display_name":"hepatitis C surveillance","score":0.5730000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9391517639160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776408679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q708693","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus","level":3,"score":0.6893323659896851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5242559","display_name":"Referral","level":2,"score":0.5529942512512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776455275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154869","display_name":"Hepatitis C","level":2,"score":0.4986996650695801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.43839046359062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987315675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773974","display_name":"Disease control","level":2,"score":0.4244520664215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.41005939245224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.38718175888061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3858785331249237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3108330965042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.2642368972301483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.24396276473999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006526","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis C","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007118","descriptor_name":"Immunoassay","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007118","descriptor_name":"Immunoassay","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007753","descriptor_name":"Laboratories","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007753","descriptor_name":"Laboratories","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011786","descriptor_name":"Quality Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018937","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis C Antibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12585742","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12585742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports","raw_type":"Guideline"},{"id":"mag:49873312","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12585742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2402252287","https://openalex.org/W2253478345","https://openalex.org/W2289481989","https://openalex.org/W7095870813","https://openalex.org/W2229121691","https://openalex.org/W2132547373","https://openalex.org/W2964882802","https://openalex.org/W4386947338","https://openalex.org/W2114850378","https://openalex.org/W3031346152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Testing":[0,43],"for":[1,13,25,44,55,76,95,133,140,231,242],"the":[2,65,155,167,178,191,222],"presence":[3,66],"of":[4,29,49,67,151,157,169,180,183,204,226,236],"antibody":[5,51],"to":[6,136,162],"hepatitis":[7,18,30],"C":[8,19,31],"virus":[9,20,32],"(anti-HCV)":[10],"is":[11],"recommended":[12],"initially":[14],"identifying":[15],"persons":[16,77],"with":[17,103,188],"(HCV)":[21],"infection":[22,34],"(CDC.":[23],"Recommendations":[24],"prevention":[26],"and":[27,35,54,73,85,91,116,193,196,200,210,224,233,241],"control":[28],"[HCV]":[33],"HCV-related":[36],"chronic":[37],"disease.":[38],"MMWR":[39],"1998;47[No.":[40],"RR-19]":[41],":1-33).":[42],"anti-HCV":[45,68,134,218,228],"should":[46],"include":[47,137],"use":[48],"an":[50,117,138],"screening":[52,56,83],"assay,":[53],"test-positive":[57],"results,":[58],"a":[59,125],"more":[60],"specific":[61],"supplemental":[62,110,142,158],"assay.":[63],"Verifying":[64],"minimizes":[69,154],"unnecessary":[70],"medical":[71,89,234],"visits":[72],"psychological":[74],"harm":[75],"who":[78],"test":[79,171,229],"falsely":[80],"positive":[81,127],"by":[82,207,238,244],"assays":[84],"ensures":[86],"that":[87,160,213],"counseling,":[88],"referral,":[90],"evaluation":[92,235],"are":[93],"targeted":[94],"patients":[96,237],"serologically":[97],"confirmed":[98,126],"as":[99],"having":[100],"been":[101],"infected":[102],"HCV.":[104],"However,":[105],"substantial":[106],"variation":[107],"in":[108,186,215],"reflex":[109,141],"testing":[111,135,143,159,219],"practices":[112],"exists":[113],"among":[114],"laboratories,":[115],"anti-HCV-positive":[118],"laboratory":[119],"report":[120],"does":[121],"not":[122],"uniformly":[123],"represent":[124],"result.":[128],"These":[129,173],"guidelines":[130,174,206],"expand":[131],"recommendations":[132],"option":[139],"based":[144],"on":[145,177],"screening-test-positive":[146],"signal-to-cut-off":[147],"(s/co)":[148],"ratios.":[149],"Use":[150],"s/co":[152],"ratios":[153],"amount":[156],"needs":[161],"be":[163],"performed":[164],"while":[165],"improving":[166],"reliability":[168],"reported":[170,227],"results.":[172],"were":[175],"developed":[176],"basis":[179],"available":[181],"knowledge":[182],"CDC":[184],"staff":[185],"consultation":[187],"representatives":[189],"from":[190],"Food":[192],"Drug":[194],"Administration":[195],"public":[197,209,245],"health,":[198],"hospital,":[199],"independent":[201],"laboratories.":[202],"Adoption":[203],"these":[205],"all":[208],"private":[211],"laboratories":[212],"perform":[214],"vitro":[216],"diagnostic":[217],"will":[220],"improve":[221],"accuracy":[223],"utility":[225],"results":[230],"counseling":[232],"health-care":[239],"professionals":[240],"surveillance":[243],"health":[246],"departments.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":27}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}