{"id":"https://openalex.org/W49867992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4_1","title":"Introduction and Context","display_name":"Introduction and Context","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W49867992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4_1","mag":"49867992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4_1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306488320","display_name":"Island Press/Center for Resource Economics eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerabilities","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2506693556","display_name":"Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerabilities"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111556811","display_name":"Mary E. Culver","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308126019","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Culver","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA","National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073187054","display_name":"Britta Bierwagen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302368450","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Britta Bierwagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA","[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080389673","display_name":"Virginia R. Burkett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286329397","display_name":"United States Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virginia Burkett","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Geological Survey, USA","U. S. Geological Survey#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U. S. Geological Survey#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014447605","display_name":"Ralph Cantral","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308126019","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph Cantral","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA","National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104054131","display_name":"Margaret A. Davidson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308126019","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret A. Davidson","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA","National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004988653","display_name":"Hilary F. Stockdon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286329397","display_name":"United States Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hilary Stockdon","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Geological Survey, USA","U. S. Geological Survey#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U. S. Geological Survey#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7684,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69172932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12414","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Management","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13530","display_name":"Climate Change and Environmental Impact","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-impacts","display_name":"climate change impacts","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coastal-systems","display_name":"coastal systems","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-level-rise","display_name":"sea level rise","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coastal-communities","display_name":"coastal communities","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-climate-events","display_name":"climate extremes","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation-options","display_name":"adaptation options","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-sectors","display_name":"economic sectors","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coastal-flooding","display_name":"coastal flooding","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.66512131690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5941928029060364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5567712187767029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.4979996681213379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152382732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468756","display_name":"Shore","level":2,"score":0.474319189786911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.4555864930152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4506639242172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4494915008544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105306849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054","display_name":"Storm","level":2,"score":0.4425654411315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.41195663809776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.38501760363578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.29338017106056213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.2785665988922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.17416751384735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1439233124256134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.09975963830947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4_1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306488320","display_name":"Island Press/Center for Resource Economics eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerabilities","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W381346659","https://openalex.org/W926229122","https://openalex.org/W1978143345","https://openalex.org/W2028988189","https://openalex.org/W2035445152","https://openalex.org/W2042522606","https://openalex.org/W2057505965","https://openalex.org/W2061326207","https://openalex.org/W2075541348","https://openalex.org/W2110906723","https://openalex.org/W2128786162","https://openalex.org/W2142697528","https://openalex.org/W2162905331","https://openalex.org/W2479086703","https://openalex.org/W2616882387","https://openalex.org/W2740582799","https://openalex.org/W2801473601","https://openalex.org/W4251899733","https://openalex.org/W6640316991"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2258727666","https://openalex.org/W2912986880","https://openalex.org/W4237306961","https://openalex.org/W4293104569","https://openalex.org/W2515078351","https://openalex.org/W2506693556","https://openalex.org/W589284014","https://openalex.org/W2539342406","https://openalex.org/W2342192033","https://openalex.org/W2221115795"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Impacts":[0],"on":[1,148],"coastal":[2,53,128,186],"systems":[3],"are":[4,89,164,178],"among":[5],"the":[6,34,42,71,87,97,116,123,136,151,161,172,197,204,210],"most":[7,10],"costly":[8],"and":[9,38,41,57,78,84,105,115,130,139,143,194,203],"certain":[11],"consequences":[12],"of":[13,33,36,45,99,112,118,125,141,150,160,174],"a":[14,31],"warming":[15,22],"climate":[16,113,145],"(Nicholls":[17],"et":[18],"al.,":[19],"2007).":[20],"The":[21],"atmosphere":[23],"is":[24,201],"expected":[25],"to":[26,62,86,91,166],"accelerate":[27],"sea-level":[28],"rise":[29],"as":[30,103,169,171,209],"result":[32],"decline":[35],"glaciers":[37],"ice":[39],"sheets":[40],"thermal":[43],"expansion":[44],"sea":[46,50],"water.":[47],"As":[48,74],"mean":[49],"level":[51],"rises,":[52],"shorelines":[54],"will":[55,60],"retreat":[56],"low-lying":[58],"areas":[59],"tend":[61],"be":[63,92,167,207],"inundated":[64],"more":[65],"frequently,":[66],"if":[67],"not":[68,195],"permanently,":[69],"by":[70,192,196],"advancing":[72],"sea.":[73],"atmospheric":[75],"temperature":[76],"increases":[77],"rainfall":[79],"patterns":[80],"change,":[81],"soil":[82],"moisture":[83],"runoff":[85],"coast":[88],"likely":[90,165],"altered.":[93],"An":[94],"increase":[95],"in":[96,185],"intensity":[98],"climatic":[100],"extremes":[101],"such":[102],"storms":[104],"heat":[106],"spells,":[107],"coupled":[108],"with":[109],"other":[110,144],"impacts":[111],"change":[114,146],"effects":[117,138],"human":[119],"development,":[120],"could":[121],"affect":[122],"sustainability":[124],"many":[126],"existing":[127],"communities":[129],"natural":[131],"resources.":[132],"This":[133,199],"report":[134],"examines":[135],"known":[137],"relationships":[140],"these":[142],"variables":[147],"coasts":[149],"U.S.":[152,162],"It":[153],"also":[154],"describes":[155],"how":[156],"several":[157],"major":[158],"sectors":[159],"economy":[163],"affected":[168],"well":[170],"diversity":[173],"adaptation":[175],"options":[176],"that":[177],"either":[179],"being":[180],"considered":[181],"or":[182],"already":[183],"implemented":[184],"regions.":[187],"These":[188],"keywords":[189,205],"were":[190],"added":[191],"machine":[193],"authors.":[198],"process":[200],"experimental":[202],"may":[206],"updated":[208],"learning":[211],"algorithm":[212],"improves.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}