{"id":"https://openalex.org/W49803650","doi":null,"title":"Mortgage Lending Discrimination and Racial Differences in Loan Default","display_name":"Mortgage Lending Discrimination and Racial Differences in Loan Default","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W49803650","mag":"49803650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:49803650","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=9168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=9168","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000220540","display_name":"Stephen L. Ross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3212-0982","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3212-0982"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen L. Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Connecticut Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3212-0982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Connecticut Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000220540"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.5609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.5609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":0.3783999979496002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","score":0.01899999938905239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortgage-lending-discrimination","display_name":"mortgage lending discrimination","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lending","display_name":"lending","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection-bias","display_name":"selection bias","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-dependent-variables","display_name":"discrete dependent variables","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loan-default-rates","display_name":"loan default rates","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minority-borrowers","display_name":"minority borrowers","score":0.48399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69637215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702362","display_name":"Default","level":2,"score":0.8426311016082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777764128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189539","display_name":"Loan","level":2,"score":0.7500301599502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71387314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494128","display_name":"Non-performing loan","level":3,"score":0.6236788630485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.5628200173377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799040","display_name":"Unobservable","level":2,"score":0.5361822247505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.501347541809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.449459433555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138893092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7489541","display_name":"Shared appreciation mortgage","level":5,"score":0.445807546377182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40423286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284172","display_name":"Selection bias","level":2,"score":0.4366021156311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.43389010429382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165339153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7048874","display_name":"Non-conforming loan","level":4,"score":0.42698389291763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3579711616039276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97330809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202997","display_name":"Mortgage insurance","level":4,"score":0.23956802487373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1367846429347992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11732172966003418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09789076447486877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68799949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977871","display_name":"Insurance policy","level":2,"score":0.08128654956817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22738907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813256","display_name":"Casualty insurance","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:49803650","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=9168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:49803650","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=9168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531821100","https://openalex.org/W1555078598","https://openalex.org/W1582840427","https://openalex.org/W1648937643","https://openalex.org/W1976984651","https://openalex.org/W1981834446","https://openalex.org/W1982554689","https://openalex.org/W2060935257","https://openalex.org/W2157053543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2951362584","https://openalex.org/W7097093235","https://openalex.org/W1499826443","https://openalex.org/W1981834446","https://openalex.org/W2166626454","https://openalex.org/W7095315935","https://openalex.org/W2339273250","https://openalex.org/W1582440489","https://openalex.org/W263967394","https://openalex.org/W7097599011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,65],"article":[1,66,120],"analyzes":[2],"the":[3,46,55,68,77,94,99,103,110,126,134],"use":[4],"of":[5,35,117],"racial":[6],"differences":[7],"in":[8,71,102],"loan":[9,28,85,104,127],"default":[10,63,69,107,111],"to":[11,42],"test":[12],"for":[13,137],"mortgage":[14,38,140],"lending":[15,141],"discrimination,":[16],"an":[17],"approach":[18,70,78,112,129],"whose":[19],"underlying":[20],"theory":[21],"has":[22],"not":[23],"been":[24],"carefully":[25],"explored.":[26],"The":[27,119],"approval":[29,105,128],"process":[30],"creates":[31],"a":[32,43,88,115],"selected":[33],"sample":[34,48,57],"loans.":[36],"If":[37],"lenders":[39],"hold":[40],"minorities":[41],"higher":[44],"standard,":[45],"minority":[47],"should":[49,60,130],"have":[50],"greater":[51],"selection":[52],"bias":[53,82,109],"than":[54],"majority":[56],"and":[58,74,98,106],"so":[59],"exhibit":[61],"lower":[62],"rates.":[64],"examines":[67],"this":[72],"framework":[73],"observes":[75],"that":[76,122],"suffers":[79],"from":[80,114],"heteroskedasticity":[81],"caused":[83],"by":[84],"defaults":[86],"as":[87,133],"discrete":[89],"dependent":[90],"variable.":[91],"In":[92],"addition,":[93],"correlations":[95],"between":[96],"race":[97],"unobservable":[100],"variables":[101],"equations":[108],"away":[113],"finding":[116],"discrimination.":[118],"concludes":[121],"tests":[123],"based":[124],"on":[125],"be":[131],"accepted":[132],"principal":[135],"technique":[136],"determining":[138],"whether":[139],"discrimination":[142],"exists.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
