{"id":"https://openalex.org/W49577305","doi":null,"title":"Understanding safety of glutamate in food and brain.","display_name":"Understanding safety of glutamate in food and brain.","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W49577305","mag":"49577305","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18341218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:18341218","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18341218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013064022","display_name":"Hruda Nanda Mallick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4301-6198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4301-6198"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H N Mallick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013064022"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1058,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7627907,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"3","first_page":"216","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11584","display_name":"Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques","score":0.6161999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11584","display_name":"Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques","score":0.6161999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.1704999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12770","display_name":"Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism","score":0.16769999265670776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate","display_name":"glutamate","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-additive-safety","display_name":"food additive safety","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/umami","display_name":"umami","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotoxicity","display_name":"neurotoxicity","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitotoxicity","display_name":"excitotoxicity","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-milk","display_name":"breast milk","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate-transporters","display_name":"glutamate transporters","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vesicular-glutamate-transporter","display_name":"vesicular glutamate transporter","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate-homeostasis","display_name":"glutamate homeostasis","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurological-disorders","display_name":"neurological disorders","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoxia-ischemia","display_name":"hypoxia-ischemia","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.8305302858352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776946002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202637","display_name":"Umami","level":3,"score":0.6872732639312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776925932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755122","display_name":"Neurodegeneration","level":3,"score":0.6511467099189758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113657865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419641","display_name":"Excitatory amino-acid transporter","level":4,"score":0.5184821486473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776989845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179678","display_name":"Monosodium glutamate","level":2,"score":0.4717104136943817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.45461568236351013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776219046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter","level":3,"score":0.42430180311203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.37489551305770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8868529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124794","display_name":"Taste","level":2,"score":0.37392115592956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.35410362482070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3308179974555969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.3014054298400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2902212142944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21954303979873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.20813459157943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005503","descriptor_name":"Food Additives","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005503","descriptor_name":"Food Additives","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005503","descriptor_name":"Food Additives","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008895","descriptor_name":"Milk, Human","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009410","descriptor_name":"Nerve Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009410","descriptor_name":"Nerve Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013045","descriptor_name":"Species Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018698","descriptor_name":"Glutamic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018698","descriptor_name":"Glutamic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018698","descriptor_name":"Glutamic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:18341218","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18341218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:49577305","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18341218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16603568","https://openalex.org/W54581567","https://openalex.org/W72011247","https://openalex.org/W133740748","https://openalex.org/W194348669","https://openalex.org/W223367652","https://openalex.org/W324759871","https://openalex.org/W1424754343","https://openalex.org/W1484832749","https://openalex.org/W1497064282","https://openalex.org/W1529033378","https://openalex.org/W1582272079","https://openalex.org/W1582986153","https://openalex.org/W1852807375","https://openalex.org/W1919208962","https://openalex.org/W1972183007","https://openalex.org/W1978147734","https://openalex.org/W1980490390","https://openalex.org/W1980582371","https://openalex.org/W1984170477","https://openalex.org/W1984883847","https://openalex.org/W1988945207","https://openalex.org/W1994712329","https://openalex.org/W1994938426","https://openalex.org/W2003368904","https://openalex.org/W2006251549","https://openalex.org/W2007200514","https://openalex.org/W2020954357","https://openalex.org/W2022079801","https://openalex.org/W2023939486","https://openalex.org/W2029017855","https://openalex.org/W2033678540","https://openalex.org/W2034583757","https://openalex.org/W2052085717","https://openalex.org/W2053710386","https://openalex.org/W2057658657","https://openalex.org/W2062303941","https://openalex.org/W2063771096","https://openalex.org/W2064114058","https://openalex.org/W2071624888","https://openalex.org/W2075992450","https://openalex.org/W2086032754","https://openalex.org/W2086339199","https://openalex.org/W2090816846","https://openalex.org/W2105796157","https://openalex.org/W2121792692","https://openalex.org/W2122060463","https://openalex.org/W2129219544","https://openalex.org/W2134583314","https://openalex.org/W2135718342","https://openalex.org/W2140092045","https://openalex.org/W2152567653","https://openalex.org/W2152778491","https://openalex.org/W2168367599","https://openalex.org/W2169355774","https://openalex.org/W2169727018","https://openalex.org/W2183514185","https://openalex.org/W2205947437","https://openalex.org/W2241170196","https://openalex.org/W2243408637","https://openalex.org/W2316145923","https://openalex.org/W2316859341","https://openalex.org/W2330379043","https://openalex.org/W2605801106","https://openalex.org/W3007598342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3007136757","https://openalex.org/W3043516333","https://openalex.org/W2902807318","https://openalex.org/W4212893897","https://openalex.org/W2119583678","https://openalex.org/W2474867179","https://openalex.org/W2777578005","https://openalex.org/W2168367599","https://openalex.org/W2018146893","https://openalex.org/W2416400545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Glutamate":[0,22,94,153],"is":[1,6,13,23,47,59,145,154,183],"ubiquitous":[2],"in":[3,8,18,44,72,95,109,143,161,165,172,185,229,234],"nature":[4],"and":[5,181,211,222],"present":[7],"all":[9,91],"living":[10],"organisms.":[11],"It":[12,46],"the":[14,63,69,85,173,235],"principal":[15],"excitatory":[16,225],"neurotransmitter":[17],"central":[19],"nervous":[20],"system.":[21],"being":[24,48],"used":[25,71,155],"as":[26,42,62,98,140,156],"food":[27],"additive":[28,142],"for":[29,32,50,74,202],"enhancing":[30,75],"flavour":[31,76],"over":[33],"last":[34,52],"1200":[35],"years":[36],"imparting":[37],"a":[38],"unique":[39],"taste":[40,56],"known":[41],"\"umami\"":[43],"Japanese.":[45],"marketed":[49],"about":[51],"100":[53],"years.":[54],"The":[55,112,123,215],"of":[57,68,80,88,170,187,199],"umami":[58],"now":[60],"recognized":[61],"fifth":[64],"basic":[65],"taste.":[66],"Many":[67],"foods":[70],"cooking":[73],"contain":[77],"high":[78,96],"amount":[79],"glutamate.":[81],"Breast":[82],"milk":[83],"has":[84,136,176],"highest":[86],"concentration":[87],"glutamate":[89,171,182,221,230],"amongst":[90],"amino":[92,226],"acids.":[93],"doses":[97],"gavage":[99],"or":[100],"parenteral":[101],"injection":[102],"have":[103],"been":[104,177],"reported":[105],"to":[106,150,195,208],"produce":[107],"neurodegeneration":[108,113],"infant":[110],"rodents.":[111],"was":[114,119],"not":[115,146,159],"produced":[116],"when":[117],"gluamate":[118],"given":[120],"with":[121,179],"food.":[122],"Joint":[124],"FAO/WHO":[125],"Expert":[126],"Committee":[127],"on":[128,132],"Food":[129],"Additives,":[130],"based":[131],"enumerable":[133],"scientific":[134],"evidence,":[135],"declared":[137],"that,":[138],"\"glutamate":[139],"an":[141,147],"food\"":[144],"health":[148],"hazard":[149],"human":[151],"being.":[152],"signaling":[157],"molecule":[158],"only":[160],"neuronal":[162,205],"but":[163],"also":[164],"non-neuronal":[166],"tissues.":[167],"Excessive":[168,190],"accumulation":[169,191],"synaptic":[174],"cleft":[175],"associated":[178,212],"excitotoxicty":[180],"implicated":[184],"number":[186],"neurological":[188],"disorders.":[189],"could":[192],"be":[193],"attributed":[194],"increase":[196],"release,":[197],"failure":[198],"transport":[200],"system":[201],"uptake":[203],"mechanism,":[204],"injury":[206],"due":[207],"hypoxia-ischemia,":[209],"trauma":[210],"metabolic":[213],"failures.":[214],"role":[216],"blood":[217],"brain":[218],"barrier,":[219],"vesicular":[220],"sodium":[223],"dependent":[224],"acid":[227],"transporters":[228],"homeostasis":[231],"are":[232],"emphasized":[233],"review.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}