{"id":"https://openalex.org/W49401168","doi":null,"title":"A benefit-based copay for prescription drugs: patient contribution based on total benefits, not drug acquisition cost.","display_name":"A benefit-based copay for prescription drugs: patient contribution based on total benefits, not drug acquisition cost.","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W49401168","mag":"49401168","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11570020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11570020","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11570020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of managed care","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087546386","display_name":"A. Mark Fendrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7734-6742","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7734-6742"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A M Fendrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. amfen@umich.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. amfen@umich.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087048999","display_name":"Dean G. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1188-1574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1188-1574"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D G Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["(University of Michigan)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(University of Michigan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036797519","display_name":"Michael E. Chernew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9473-1100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9473-1100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M E Chernew","raw_affiliation_strings":["(University of Michigan)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(University of Michigan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101420361","display_name":"Steven N. Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-3789","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-3789"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S N Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["(University of Michigan)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(University of Michigan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.6882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":184,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98098613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"9","first_page":"861","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.6338000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.6338000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.34060001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12708","display_name":"Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prescription-drug-costs","display_name":"prescription drug costs","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-cost-sharing","display_name":"patient cost sharing","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managed-care","display_name":"managed care","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medication-use","display_name":"medication use","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-necessity","display_name":"medical necessity","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-benefit","display_name":"clinical benefit","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6949069499969482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6323823928833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776680279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5174821","display_name":"Cost sharing","level":2,"score":0.6077472567558289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.5906352996826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778858636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643563","display_name":"Prescription drug","level":3,"score":0.5192915797233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.49340716004371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780265253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416012","display_name":"Managed care","level":3,"score":0.48423123359680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.47570452094078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4552350342273712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.4390484690666199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127454912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942582","display_name":"Cost\u2013benefit analysis","level":2,"score":0.43172526359558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780062483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7902865","display_name":"Utilization management","level":3,"score":0.4255443811416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33088070154190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3221666216850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.1455659568309784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.11970248818397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003363","descriptor_name":"Cost Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003363","descriptor_name":"Cost Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003363","descriptor_name":"Cost Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007356","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007356","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007356","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008329","descriptor_name":"Managed Care Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008329","descriptor_name":"Managed Care Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008329","descriptor_name":"Managed Care Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016568","descriptor_name":"Drugs, Generic","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016568","descriptor_name":"Drugs, Generic","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016568","descriptor_name":"Drugs, Generic","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017047","descriptor_name":"Cost Sharing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017047","descriptor_name":"Cost Sharing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017047","descriptor_name":"Cost Sharing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019458","descriptor_name":"Insurance Coverage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019458","descriptor_name":"Insurance Coverage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019458","descriptor_name":"Insurance Coverage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11570020","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11570020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of managed care","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:49401168","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11570020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61910348","https://openalex.org/W96799970","https://openalex.org/W134357288","https://openalex.org/W207366606","https://openalex.org/W1510898619","https://openalex.org/W1983878695","https://openalex.org/W1986316859","https://openalex.org/W1996762810","https://openalex.org/W2000147226","https://openalex.org/W2010683229","https://openalex.org/W2017289592","https://openalex.org/W2023041718","https://openalex.org/W2032783403","https://openalex.org/W2034117136","https://openalex.org/W2048554467","https://openalex.org/W2048687135","https://openalex.org/W2053339749","https://openalex.org/W2056289879","https://openalex.org/W2061844807","https://openalex.org/W2066280088","https://openalex.org/W2084791596","https://openalex.org/W2085124978","https://openalex.org/W2095499350","https://openalex.org/W2101251503","https://openalex.org/W2121672061","https://openalex.org/W2137634291","https://openalex.org/W2157452732","https://openalex.org/W2168715671","https://openalex.org/W2181424246","https://openalex.org/W2410167178","https://openalex.org/W2411511215","https://openalex.org/W2413979311","https://openalex.org/W2470974996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087916444","https://openalex.org/W2603818874","https://openalex.org/W1490175149","https://openalex.org/W1966146039","https://openalex.org/W1960148433","https://openalex.org/W1991922034","https://openalex.org/W2923777299","https://openalex.org/W2086682814","https://openalex.org/W2740992864","https://openalex.org/W7097507081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"managerial":[1],"mechanisms":[2,74],"have":[3,20,33,194],"been":[4],"used":[5],"by":[6,49,54],"managed":[7],"care":[8,48],"organizations":[9],"to":[10,59,76,85,113,117,216],"affect":[11],"prescription":[12],"drug":[13,26,62,78,145,220],"utilization":[14],"and":[15,28,39,89,134,148],"related":[16],"expenditures.":[17,70,95],"Some":[18],"efforts":[19,32],"focused":[21,34],"on":[22,35,44,144,170,223],"monitoring":[23],"clinical":[24,87,133,174,181],"conditions,":[25],"use,":[27],"compliance,":[29],"whereas":[30],"other":[31],"consumer":[36],"cost":[37,122],"sharing":[38,97,123],"changing":[40],"product-mix.":[41],"Efforts":[42],"focusing":[43],"improving":[45],"quality":[46],"of":[47,92,121,205,226],"identifying":[50],"untreated":[51],"patients":[52,187,198],"or":[53],"enhancing":[55],"compliance":[56],"can":[57],"lead":[58],"appropriately":[60],"increased":[61],"costs,":[63,119],"although":[64],"perhaps":[65],"with":[66,115,188,199],"reduced":[67],"overall":[68],"medical":[69,94,153],"In":[71],"contrast,":[72],"the":[73,90,104,109,163,171,179,224],"implemented":[75],"constrain":[77,118],"costs":[79],"raise":[80],"concerns":[81],"regarding":[82],"missed":[83],"opportunities":[84],"enhance":[86],"outcomes,":[88],"possibility":[91],"higher":[93],"Cost":[96],"plays":[98],"a":[99,128,156,189,200,207,211],"critical":[100],"role":[101],"in":[102,127],"defining":[103],"pharmaceutical":[105],"benefit.":[106,203],"To":[107],"balance":[108],"demands":[110],"for":[111,173,214],"access":[112],"pharmaceuticals":[114],"pressures":[116],"levels":[120],"must":[124],"be":[125],"set":[126],"manner":[129],"that":[130],"achieves":[131],"appropriate":[132],"financial":[135,212],"outcomes.":[136],"Modern":[137],"multitier":[138],"systems":[139],"often":[140,149],"base":[141],"patient":[142,166],"contributions":[143,167],"acquisition":[146],"cost,":[147],"do":[150],"not":[151,229],"consider":[152],"necessity":[154],"as":[155],"coverage":[157],"criterion.":[158],"Using":[159],"an":[160],"alternative":[161],"approach,":[162],"benefit-based":[164],"copay,":[165],"are":[168],"based":[169,222],"potential":[172,191,202],"benefit,":[175],"taking":[176],"into":[177],"consideration":[178],"patient's":[180],"condition.":[182],"For":[183],"any":[184],"given":[185],"drug,":[186],"high":[190],"benefit":[192],"would":[193,209],"lower":[195],"copays":[196],"than":[197],"low":[201],"Implementation":[204],"such":[206],"system":[208],"provide":[210],"incentive":[213],"individuals":[215],"prioritize":[217],"their":[218,227,230],"out-of-pocket":[219],"expenditures":[221],"value":[225],"medications,":[228],"price.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-09-09T07:26:56.047234","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
