{"id":"https://openalex.org/W48491434","doi":null,"title":"The politics of bilingual Education expenditures in urban school districts","display_name":"The politics of bilingual Education expenditures in urban school districts","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W48491434","mag":"48491434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:48491434","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ652891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76728445","display_name":"Social Science Quarterly","issn_l":"0038-4941","issn":["0038-4941","1540-6237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Social Science Quarterly","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076003846","display_name":"David L. Leal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-4193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-4193"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David L. Leal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-4193","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080484974","display_name":"Frederick M. Hess","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick M. Hess","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3010,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3010},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7642,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86268174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"81","issue":"4","first_page":"1064","last_page":"1072"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.9199000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.9199000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13387","display_name":"Politics, Economics, and Education Policy","score":0.0364999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.02879999950528145,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingual-education","display_name":"bilingual education","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-district-spending","display_name":"school district expenditures","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-school-districts","display_name":"urban school districts","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-students","display_name":"Hispanic students","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asian-american-students","display_name":"Asian American students","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/median-family-income","display_name":"median family income","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-funding","display_name":"school finance","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-and-education-policy","display_name":"gender and education policy","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6881633400917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6701756119728088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.6458466053009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233107","display_name":"Bilingual education","level":2,"score":0.5988671779632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992462468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q398141","display_name":"School district","level":2,"score":0.5447902679443359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.49369463324546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.4647573232650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.44742587208747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99656134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912993","display_name":"Ordinary least squares","level":2,"score":0.418149471282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3926922678947449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3661985397338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3300463557243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.28585028648376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.16884610056877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.09627404808998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09555521607398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:48491434","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ652891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76728445","display_name":"Social Science Quarterly","issn_l":"0038-4941","issn":["0038-4941","1540-6237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Social Science Quarterly","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999388699","https://openalex.org/W2007620398","https://openalex.org/W2011478196","https://openalex.org/W2019018035","https://openalex.org/W2025554715","https://openalex.org/W2075763189","https://openalex.org/W2151965379"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152754037","https://openalex.org/W2798575820","https://openalex.org/W4385346896","https://openalex.org/W4410078653","https://openalex.org/W2322289835","https://openalex.org/W2037446798","https://openalex.org/W3135399204","https://openalex.org/W133257825","https://openalex.org/W1971729651","https://openalex.org/W6884663703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective.":[0],"This":[1],"article":[2],"examines":[3],"the":[4,25,56,64,103],"political,":[5],"demographic,":[6],"and":[7,35,60,79,81],"fiscal":[8],"determinants":[9],"of":[10,28,31,58,86],"urban":[11],"school":[12,66,89],"district":[13],"spending":[14],"on":[15,63,88],"bilingual":[16,50,107],"education.":[17],"Methods.":[18],"It":[19],"applies":[20],"OLS":[21],"regression":[22],"analysis":[23],"to":[24],"1992":[26],"Council":[27],"Urban":[29],"Boards":[30],"Education":[32],"(CUBE)":[33],"survey":[34],"U.S.":[36],"census":[37],"data.":[38],"Results.":[39],"Bilingual":[40],"expenditures":[41],"are":[42,113],"associated":[43],"not":[44,99],"just":[45],"with":[46,55],"student":[47],"enrollment":[48],"in":[49],"education":[51,108],"programs,":[52],"but":[53],"also":[54,92],"percentage":[57,85],"Latinos":[59],"Asian":[61],"Americans":[62],"local":[65,82],"board,":[67],"median":[68],"family":[69],"income,":[70],"which":[71],"is":[72,98],"likely":[73],"a":[74,94],"proxy":[75],"for":[76,106],"policy":[77],"liberalism,":[78],"state":[80],"spending.":[83],"The":[84],"women":[87],"boards":[90],"may":[91],"play":[93],"role.":[95],"Conclusions.":[96],"Spending":[97],"simply":[100],"determined":[101],"by":[102],"objective":[104],"need":[105],"services.":[109],"Multiple":[110],"political":[111],"factors":[112],"at":[114],"work":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
