{"id":"https://openalex.org/W48257619","doi":null,"title":"An investigation into the development and status of resistance of Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bt maize","display_name":"An investigation into the development and status of resistance of Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bt maize","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W48257619","mag":"48257619"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/4573","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4573","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4573","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4573","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103375334","display_name":"Marlene Kruger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marlene Kruger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103375334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11075","display_name":"Insect Resistance and Genetics","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11075","display_name":"Insect Resistance and Genetics","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11426","display_name":"Genetically Modified Organisms Research","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/busseola-fusca","display_name":"Busseola fusca","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bt-maize","display_name":"Bt maize","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mon810","display_name":"MON810","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cry1ab-toxin","display_name":"Cry1Ab toxin","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insecticide-resistance","display_name":"insecticide resistance","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-stem-borer","display_name":"maize stem borer","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugia","display_name":"refugia","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refuge-strategy","display_name":"refuge strategy","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-surveillance","display_name":"resistance monitoring","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noctuidae","display_name":"Noctuidae","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/larval-survival","display_name":"larval survival","score":0.46299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.836029589176178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778350275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459180","display_name":"Noctuidae","level":3,"score":0.7553547620773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177756618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6527674","display_name":"Lepidoptera genitalia","level":2,"score":0.7198289036750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173758957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129270","display_name":"Larva","level":2,"score":0.6160699725151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154615088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363424","display_name":"Genetically modified maize","level":5,"score":0.6137702465057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6066081523895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5723033547401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57473165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5154293775558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22508944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568174","display_name":"PEST analysis","level":2,"score":0.4543227255344391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3395559787750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122172344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503477","display_name":"Genetically modified crops","level":4,"score":0.26514291763305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.1633199155330658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102230213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430117","display_name":"Transgene","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/4573","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4573","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4573","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:48257619","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/10394/4573/2/Kruger_M.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/4573","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4573","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4573","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W48257619.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W48257619.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44171559","https://openalex.org/W62612794","https://openalex.org/W221089616","https://openalex.org/W1514568537","https://openalex.org/W1519136326","https://openalex.org/W2008931796","https://openalex.org/W2009172816","https://openalex.org/W2021429200","https://openalex.org/W2025954960","https://openalex.org/W2049265150","https://openalex.org/W2049902281","https://openalex.org/W2072535526","https://openalex.org/W2083386197","https://openalex.org/W2083429744","https://openalex.org/W2085533118","https://openalex.org/W2098807084","https://openalex.org/W2099985023","https://openalex.org/W2103871090","https://openalex.org/W2105467847","https://openalex.org/W2111293707","https://openalex.org/W2111940933","https://openalex.org/W2114034340","https://openalex.org/W2115827196","https://openalex.org/W2116710233","https://openalex.org/W2120395741","https://openalex.org/W2120418844","https://openalex.org/W2132888416","https://openalex.org/W2135014068","https://openalex.org/W2139530641","https://openalex.org/W2149486131","https://openalex.org/W2155720447","https://openalex.org/W2157787744","https://openalex.org/W2160337068","https://openalex.org/W2170702161","https://openalex.org/W2173621818","https://openalex.org/W2176144653","https://openalex.org/W2177818451","https://openalex.org/W2205533573","https://openalex.org/W2315525731","https://openalex.org/W2321202572","https://openalex.org/W2329933398","https://openalex.org/W2335026388","https://openalex.org/W2506597757","https://openalex.org/W2526594862","https://openalex.org/W2770025680"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W76848943","https://openalex.org/W1984027002","https://openalex.org/W2509158497","https://openalex.org/W2603440416","https://openalex.org/W2898060860","https://openalex.org/W2150017115","https://openalex.org/W4404431050","https://openalex.org/W2526594862","https://openalex.org/W2526888765","https://openalex.org/W2170702161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,27,169,216],"first":[1],"report":[2,235],"of":[3,5,22,29,37,39,42,110,124,142,188,208,219,255,267,275,282],"resistance":[4,38,207,220],"the":[6,19,35,67,74,80,96,111,114,143,185,201,212,227,233,237,253,256,265],"maize":[7,14,63,91,176,288,308],"stem":[8],"borer":[9],"(Busseola":[10],"fusca)":[11],"to":[12,33,45,121,211,223,232,278,306],"Bt":[13,46,62,90,174,287,307],"(MON810)":[15],"was":[16,32,92,221],"made":[17],"in":[18,73,200,230,261,309],"Christiana":[20,81,144,238],"area":[21,263],"South":[23,316],"Africa":[24],"during":[25],"2007.":[26],"objective":[28],"this":[30,262],"study":[31,98,205],"evaluate":[34],"status":[36],"other":[40],"populations":[41,58,84,117,170],"B.":[43,209],"fusca":[44,57,210,311],"maize.":[47],"One":[48],"greenhouse":[49,97],"and":[50,127,151,177,184,299],"two":[51],"laboratory":[52,202],"studies":[53],"were":[54,59,85,102,118,132,182,198,249],"conducted.":[55],"Busseola":[56,310],"collected":[60,86,116,171,244],"on":[61,148,156,162,194],"as":[64,66],"well":[65],"adjacent":[68],"refugia":[69,246,268],"(conventional":[70],"maize/non-Bt":[71],"maize)":[72],"Vaalharts":[75,181,228,248],"area,":[76,229],"50":[77],"km":[78],"from":[79,87,172,245,314],"site.":[82],"Control":[83],"sites":[88],"where":[89],"not":[93,160,270],"planted.":[94],"In":[95],"720":[99],"potted":[100],"plants":[101],"each":[103],"artificially":[104],"infested":[105],"with":[106,280],"10":[107],"neonate":[108],"larvae":[109,126,189,243,284],"F1-generation":[112],"after":[113],"field":[115],"reared":[119],"through":[120],"adults.":[122],"Numbers":[123],"live":[125],"larval":[128],"mass":[129],"per":[130],"plant":[131],"determined":[133],"at":[134,180,225,247],"regular":[135],"intervals":[136],"over":[137],"a":[138],"35-day":[139],"period.":[140],"Larvae":[141],"conventional":[145,153],"population":[146,154],"(Bt-susceptible)":[147,155],"Bt-maize":[149,157,163],"(CHR08Con-Bt)":[150],"Bethal":[152],"(BET08Con-Bt)":[158],"did":[159,269],"survive":[161],"for":[164,236,291],"longer":[165],"than":[166],"12":[167],"days.":[168],"both":[173],"(VAA08Bt-Bt)":[175],"refuges":[178],"(VAA08Ref-Bt)":[179],"resistant":[183],"subsequent":[186],"generation":[187],"completed":[190],"their":[191],"life":[192],"cycle":[193],"Bt-maize.":[195],"Similar":[196],"results":[197],"observed":[199],"experiments.":[203],"This":[204],"confirmed":[206],"Cry1Ab":[213],"toxin":[214],"(MON810).":[215],"geographical":[217],"distribution":[218],"shown":[222],"include":[224],"least":[226],"addition":[231],"original":[234],"area.":[239],"These":[240],"observations":[241],"that":[242,252],"resistant,":[250],"show":[251],"efficacy":[254],"refuge":[257],"strategy":[258],"is":[259],"compromised":[260],"because":[264],"contribution":[266],"produce":[271],"large":[272],"enough":[273],"numbers":[274],"susceptible":[276],"individuals":[277],"mate":[279],"moths":[281],"which":[283],"survived":[285],"inside":[286],"fields.":[289],"Accepted":[290],"publication":[292],"as:":[293],"Kruger,":[294],"M.,":[295],"Van":[296,300],"Rensburg,":[297],"J.B.J.":[298],"den":[301],"Berg,":[302],"J.":[303],"2011.":[304],"Resistance":[305],"(Lepidoptera:":[312],"Noctuidae)":[313],"Vaalharts,":[315],"Africa.":[317],"Environmental":[318],"Entomology":[319],"40.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}