{"id":"https://openalex.org/W48040868","doi":null,"title":"High School Preparation, Placement Testing, and College Remediation","display_name":"High School Preparation, Placement Testing, and College Remediation","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W48040868","mag":"48040868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:48040868","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ641633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764631473","display_name":"Journal of developmental education","issn_l":"0894-3907","issn":["0894-3907"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of developmental education","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042336841","display_name":"Jeff E. Hoyt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6252-8092","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6252-8092"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff E. Hoyt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6252-8092","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009493972","display_name":"Colleen T. Sorensen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colleen T. Sorensen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3957,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96348919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"26","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14079","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Programs","score":0.029200000688433647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13532","display_name":"Education Systems and Policy","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placement-testing","display_name":"placement testing","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-school-preparation","display_name":"high school preparation","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-readiness","display_name":"college readiness","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remedial-education","display_name":"remedial education","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition-to-college","display_name":"transition to college","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardized-testing","display_name":"standardized testing","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-education-policy","display_name":"federal education policy","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-colleges","display_name":"community colleges","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remedial-english","display_name":"remedial English","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remedial-mathematics","display_name":"remedial mathematics","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/california","display_name":"California","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-york","display_name":"New York","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maryland","display_name":"Maryland","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/florida","display_name":"Florida","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-schools","display_name":"public schools","score":0.32100000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100207952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7311597","display_name":"Remedial education","level":2,"score":0.9167068004608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.5224593877792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4624841809272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46050143241882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.45505884289741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4267076551914215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.41709643602371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.41702988743782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3830224871635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3369009494781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3207755982875824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24210867285728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.209333598613739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09550648927688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:48040868","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ641633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764631473","display_name":"Journal of developmental education","issn_l":"0894-3907","issn":["0894-3907"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of developmental education","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125296923","https://openalex.org/W7098660161","https://openalex.org/W272768193","https://openalex.org/W7098723048","https://openalex.org/W7099944254","https://openalex.org/W2059933184","https://openalex.org/W172700000","https://openalex.org/W7095128193","https://openalex.org/W1847858847","https://openalex.org/W1560218552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,201,310],"need":[1,37,98,405],"for":[2,29,38,55,73,99,189,280,317,349,371,406,436],"an":[459],"educated":[4],"work":[5,439],"force":[6],"and":[7,43,52,83,87,112,125,195,217,296,341,362,391,454,464,528,564,596],"a":[8,19,35,257,315,392,487,505,535,578],"college":[157],"education":[10,40,56,243,292],"has":[11,78],"increased":[12,113],"over":[13],"the":[301],"last":[15],"several":[16,74],"decades.":[17],"However,":[18],"large":[20],"number":[21],"of":[22,128,168,210,238,267,287,312,359,394,490,525,547,571,586,604,615,620],"entering":[23],"students":[25,51,58,144,172,190,477,572,605,622],"are":[26,366],"not":[27],"prepared":[28],"college-level":[30],"course":[31],"work.":[32],"There":[33],"is":[34,260,314,523,532],"widespread":[36],"remedial":[39,133,154,215,222,242,291],"at":[41,293,577,591],"colleges":[42,295,300,421],"universities":[329],"across":[45],"country,":[47],"increasing":[48],"costs":[49],"to":[50,80,94,96,105,213,236,262,384,403,443,461,583,612],"public":[54,77,116,122,129],"that":[57,207,259,285,381,413,476,496,568],"should":[59],"have":[478],"successfully":[61],"completed":[62],"in":[63,89,115,151,156,193,197,221,232,256,272,322,364,397,408,441,499,517,574,588,606,626],"high":[64,268,332,335,398,481,500,518,589,628],"school.":[65],"Although":[66],"recent":[67],"literature":[68],"often":[69,367],"documents":[70],"this":[71,85],"problem,":[72],"years":[75,585,614],"failed":[553],"fully":[81],"recognize":[82],"understand":[84],"issue,":[86],"schools":[88,336,344,348,519],"general":[90],"been":[92,415,452],"slow":[93],"respond":[95],"change.":[100],"These":[101,252],"factors":[102],"led":[104],"imminent":[106],"federal":[107],"legislation":[108],"requiring":[109],"greater":[110],"accountability":[111],"testing":[114],"schools.":[117],"In":[139,162,275,598],"1995,":[119,276],"nearly":[120,569],"all":[121,288,401],"two-year":[123],"institutions":[124,131],"81":[126],"percent":[305],"four-year":[130],"offered":[132],"courses":[155,400],"(Kirst,":[135,224],"1998,":[136,225],"p.":[137,160,184,226,308,355,376,433,449,471,513,556],"76).":[138,227],"Georgia,":[140],"30":[141],"of..":[143],"who":[145],"graduated":[146],"with":[147],"preparatory":[149,387,617,631],"diplomas":[150],"1995":[152],"took":[153],"(Sandham,":[158,182,431],"1998c,":[159,183,432],"25).":[161,185,434],"New":[163],"York,":[164],"only":[165],"13":[166],"CUNY":[169],"community":[170,299],"pass[ed]":[173],"three":[174],"basic":[175,522],"skills":[176],"tests":[177],"measuring":[178],"11th":[179],"grade":[180,389,418,445],"proficiency":[181],"College":[186,410,473],"remediation":[187,253,407],"rates":[188,254],"were":[191],"46%":[192],"Maryland":[194],"60%":[196],"Florida":[198],"(Malooney,":[199],"1996).":[200],"California":[202,230],"State":[203],"University":[204],"System":[205],"reported":[206],"47":[208],"freshmen":[211,240,289],"had":[212,580,609],"take":[214,263,385],"English,":[216],"54":[218],"enrolled":[220,573],"math":[483,587],"At":[228,298],"some":[229],"campuses":[231],"system,":[234],"80%":[235],"90%":[237],"needed":[241],"(California":[244],"Community":[245],"Colleges,":[246],"1995;":[247],"Manzo,":[248],"1996;":[249],"Ponessa,":[250],"1996),":[251],"exist":[255],"system":[258],"supposed":[261],"top":[265],"30%":[266],"school":[269,399,482,590,629],"graduating":[270],"classes":[271,365,484],"state.":[274],"National":[278],"Center":[279],"Education":[281],"Statistics":[282],"(NCES)":[283],"found":[284,495,567],"29%":[286],"required":[290],"4-year":[294],"universities.":[297],"figure":[302],"was":[303],"41":[304],"(Ignash,":[306],"1997,":[307,375,470],"9).":[309,472],"chain":[311],"blame":[330,337,345],"metaphor":[316],"discourse":[319],"taking":[320],"place":[321],"educational":[324],"community.":[325],"It":[326],"describes":[327],"how":[328],"schools,":[333,340],"middle":[339,343],"elementary":[347,607],"poor":[350,372],"[student]":[351],"preparation":[352],"(Ponessa,":[353,554],"1996,":[354,512,555],"31).":[356,514],"A":[357,558],"lack":[358,393],"adequate":[360],"funding":[361],"overcrowding":[363],"cited":[368],"as":[369],"reasons":[370],"results":[373],"(Ignash":[374],"5).":[377],"Educators":[378],"express":[379],"concerns":[380],"student":[382],"failure":[383],"courses,":[388],"inflation,":[390,419],"academic":[395],"rigor":[396],"contribute":[402],"college.":[409],"administrators":[411],"report":[412,475,509],"there's":[504],"so":[416],"much":[417],"don't":[422],"know":[423],"what":[424],"they've":[425,497],"got":[426],"until":[427],"they":[428],"get":[429],"it":[430],"Recommendations":[435],"more":[533],"rigorous":[438],"requirements":[440],"order":[442],"reduce":[444],"inflation":[446],"(Bandy,":[447],"1985,":[448],"88)":[450],"advanced,":[453],"many":[455],"educators":[456],"also":[457],"advocate":[458],"end":[460],"social":[462],"promotion":[463],"emphasis":[466],"on":[467,507,538],"intervention":[468],"(Feldman,":[469],"teachers":[474],"gone":[479],"through":[480],"without":[485],"gaining":[486],"real":[488],"understanding":[489],"subject":[492],"matter.":[493],"`We've":[494],"school,":[501],"but":[502],"somehow":[503],"C":[506,624],"their":[508,627],"card'":[510],"(Ponessa":[511],"English":[515],"instructors":[516],"state:":[520],"Our":[521],"kind":[524],"like":[526,534],"remedial,":[527],"our":[529],"so-called":[530],"honors":[531,549],"college-prep":[536],"borderlining":[537],"basic....If":[539],"we":[540],"go":[541],"strictly":[542],"by":[543,562],"book,":[545],"half":[546],"my":[548],"class":[550],"would":[551],"32).":[557],"prior":[559],"study":[560],"conducted":[561],"Lappan":[563],"Phillips":[565],"(1984)":[566],"70%":[570],"intermediate":[575],"algebra":[576,593,608],"university":[579],"taken":[581,610],"3":[582,613],"4":[584],"1":[594],"level":[595],"above.":[597],"same":[600],"study,":[601],"another":[602],"42%":[603],"2":[611],"math.":[618],"Many":[619],"these":[621],"earned":[623],"grades":[625],"courses.":[632],"\u2026":[633]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-09-12T09:15:50.089291","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}