{"id":"https://openalex.org/W47931149","doi":null,"title":"COMPARISON OF MECHANICAL vs. MANUAL MANIPULATION METHODS FOR LOW BACK PAIN","display_name":"COMPARISON OF MECHANICAL vs. MANUAL MANIPULATION METHODS FOR LOW BACK PAIN","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W47931149","mag":"47931149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:9958","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/9958/1/MSchneider_ETD_2008.pdf","pdf_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/9958/1/MSchneider_ETD_2008.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/9958/1/MSchneider_ETD_2008.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044516178","display_name":"Michael Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7190-3379","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7190-3379"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7190-3379","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044516178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01707505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12715","display_name":"Pregnancy-related medical research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-low-back-pain","display_name":"acute low back pain","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chiropractic-treatment","display_name":"chiropractic treatment","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oswestry-disability-index","display_name":"Oswestry Disability Index","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-relief","display_name":"analgesia","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confounding-variables","display_name":"confounding variables","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-expectations","display_name":"treatment expectations","score":0.6430000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7966194152832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779470654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074773","display_name":"Spinal manipulation","level":4,"score":0.7875315546989441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516994506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658096","display_name":"Chiropractic","level":3,"score":0.7520134449005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.722540020942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780907711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852163","display_name":"Low back pain","level":3,"score":0.6925042867660522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.6351678371429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776501849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5781808","display_name":"Back pain","level":3,"score":0.6044422388076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514863369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427967","display_name":"Manual therapy","level":3,"score":0.5794398784637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44575665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293405","display_name":"Lumbar","level":2,"score":0.48952969908714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4620361626148224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779726913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729978","display_name":"Straight leg raise","level":3,"score":0.43744656443595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.4295836091041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.19492319226264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60465272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494478","display_name":"Range of motion","level":2,"score":0.16040894389152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09540680050849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:9958","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/9958/1/MSchneider_ETD_2008.pdf","pdf_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/9958/1/MSchneider_ETD_2008.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"mag:47931149","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/9958/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:9958","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/9958/1/MSchneider_ETD_2008.pdf","pdf_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/9958/1/MSchneider_ETD_2008.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W47931149.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W47931149.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82478200","https://openalex.org/W1504782646","https://openalex.org/W1526977592","https://openalex.org/W1531353720","https://openalex.org/W1934519169","https://openalex.org/W1979132354","https://openalex.org/W1983306727","https://openalex.org/W1987790501","https://openalex.org/W1990349880","https://openalex.org/W1991337052","https://openalex.org/W1992441375","https://openalex.org/W1993774759","https://openalex.org/W2005102155","https://openalex.org/W2005434131","https://openalex.org/W2008843150","https://openalex.org/W2010609495","https://openalex.org/W2012413208","https://openalex.org/W2022544673","https://openalex.org/W2022651216","https://openalex.org/W2024078895","https://openalex.org/W2043722345","https://openalex.org/W2044032482","https://openalex.org/W2046533487","https://openalex.org/W2046548607","https://openalex.org/W2051155501","https://openalex.org/W2052026284","https://openalex.org/W2078160931","https://openalex.org/W2081833538","https://openalex.org/W2084880898","https://openalex.org/W2087806546","https://openalex.org/W2089597186","https://openalex.org/W2111114788","https://openalex.org/W2112279824","https://openalex.org/W2115777141","https://openalex.org/W2127059751","https://openalex.org/W2132309748","https://openalex.org/W2133293443","https://openalex.org/W2144942994","https://openalex.org/W2151479308","https://openalex.org/W2160375303","https://openalex.org/W2163180148","https://openalex.org/W2163848238","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2167264255","https://openalex.org/W2170021941","https://openalex.org/W2237015347","https://openalex.org/W2399975345","https://openalex.org/W2403228526","https://openalex.org/W2798279974","https://openalex.org/W2799068827","https://openalex.org/W2916991586","https://openalex.org/W3034634249","https://openalex.org/W3176672621","https://openalex.org/W4213087420","https://openalex.org/W4233396902","https://openalex.org/W4251330088"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066718204","https://openalex.org/W2079227560","https://openalex.org/W2325481913","https://openalex.org/W2299646262","https://openalex.org/W1491168337","https://openalex.org/W2499948153","https://openalex.org/W2113850446","https://openalex.org/W2777869834","https://openalex.org/W1990115846","https://openalex.org/W2625131612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT:Purpose":[0],"and":[1,48,86,95,138,245,258,267,271,293],"Study":[2],"Design:":[3],"Prospective":[4],"cohort":[5,129,154],"study":[6,227,288],"to":[7,100,116,209,264],"explore":[8],"the":[9,70,91,108,122,151,166,243,256,282,297],"clinical":[10,303],"treatment":[11,265],"effect":[12],"of":[13,28,41,59,75,107,135,144,150,175,228,273,279,284,299,311],"mechanical":[14,51],"vs.":[15],"manual":[16,45,152,167,195,259],"manipulation":[17,47,53,153,168,196,244,260],"for":[18,72,125,191,220,296,308],"acute":[19,29],"low":[20,30],"back":[21,31],"pain.Methods:":[22],"92":[23],"patients":[24],"with":[25,69,140,165,262],"a":[26,64,73,131,141,171,200,300],"history":[27],"pain":[32,94,159,176,237],"were":[33,90,113,252],"recruited":[34],"from":[35,98,207],"three":[36],"private":[37],"chiropractic":[38],"offices.":[39],"Two":[40],"these":[42,285,309],"offices":[43],"utilized":[44],"lumbar":[46],"one":[49],"used":[50,63],"instrument":[52],"(Activator)":[54],"as":[55,66],"their":[56],"primary":[57],"modes":[58],"treatment.":[60],"The":[61,127,158,194],"chiropractors":[62],"\"treatment":[65],"usual\"":[67],"protocol":[68],"participants":[71],"maximum":[74],"eight":[76],"visits":[77,146],"or":[78,239],"four":[79,101,156,179,249],"weeks,":[80,102,180],"which":[81,275],"ever":[82],"occurred":[83],"first.":[84],"Primary":[85],"secondary":[87],"outcome":[88],"measures":[89],"differences":[92,120,254],"in":[93,162,204,236,281],"Oswestry":[96,205,222,240],"scores":[97,160,206,238,241],"baseline":[99,112,192,208,221],"respectively.":[103],"Results:":[104],"Socio-demographic":[105],"characteristics":[106],"two":[109],"cohorts":[110],"at":[111,155,178,248],"not":[114,185,215],"found":[115],"show":[117],"any":[118],"significant":[119,217],"between":[121,242,255],"groups":[123,164,247,261],"except":[124],"age.":[126],"Activator":[128,246,257],"had":[130],"significantly":[132,233],"higher":[133],"utilization":[134],"adjunctive":[136],"modalities":[137],"x-rays,":[139],"mean":[142],"number":[143],"office":[145],"about":[147],"twice":[148],"that":[149,305],"weeks.":[157,250],"decreased":[161],"both":[163],"group":[169,197],"showing":[170],"slightly":[172,201],"greater":[173,202,234],"amount":[174],"reduction":[177,203,235],"but":[181,211],"this":[182,212,225],"difference":[183,213],"did":[184],"reach":[186],"statistical":[187],"significance":[188],"after":[189,218],"controlling":[190],"pain.":[193],"also":[198],"showed":[199],"four-weeks,":[210],"was":[214,231],"statistically":[216],"adjusting":[219],"score.Conclusions:":[223],"In":[224],"observational":[226],"treatment-as-usual":[229],"there":[230],"no":[232],"There":[251],"many":[253],"respect":[263],"beliefs":[266],"expectations,":[268],"modality":[269],"usage,":[270],"frequency/duration":[272],"care,":[274],"are":[276],"potential":[277],"sources":[278],"confounding":[280,312],"interpretation":[283],"results.":[286],"This":[287],"provides":[289],"important":[290],"pilot":[291],"data":[292],"research":[294],"issues":[295,310],"design":[298],"future":[301],"randomized":[302],"trial":[304],"can":[306],"control":[307],"variables.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}