{"id":"https://openalex.org/W47559851","doi":null,"title":"Ensembles as a sequence of classifiers","display_name":"Ensembles as a sequence of classifiers","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W47559851","mag":"47559851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.102.2849","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.102.2849","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dli.iiit.ac.in/ijcai/IJCAI-97-VOL2/PDF/010.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022440052","display_name":"Lars Asker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","display_name":"Stockholm University","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}],"countries":["SE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Asker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046322087","display_name":"Richard Maclin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5494-0617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5494-0617"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115145","display_name":"University of Minnesota, Duluth","ror":"https://ror.org/01hy4qx27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Maclin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0788,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91151316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"860","last_page":"865"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.6654999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.6654999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.16019999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.02630000002682209,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-classifiers","display_name":"ensemble classifiers","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-threshold","display_name":"confidence threshold","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequels","display_name":"sequels","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar-imagery","display_name":"synthetic aperture radar images","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venus","display_name":"Venus","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-averaging","display_name":"ensemble averaging","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.8367040157318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52620605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268357","display_name":"Quadratic classifier","level":3,"score":0.7534223794937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7333453893661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173102733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760396","display_name":"Margin classifier","level":3,"score":0.6947245597839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.656104564666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.6292358636856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6030635237693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40651066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048220","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","level":4,"score":0.5638789534568787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5142304301261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185207860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17004744","display_name":"Bayes classifier","level":4,"score":0.43086305260658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.3357333838939667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.2957226634025574}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.102.2849","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.102.2849","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dli.iiit.ac.in/ijcai/IJCAI-97-VOL2/PDF/010.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.43.7101","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.43.7101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dsv.su.se/~asker/papers/IJCAI97.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:47559851","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ijcai.org/Proceedings/97-2/Papers/010.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419999","display_name":"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W122801842","https://openalex.org/W833569517","https://openalex.org/W1494780677","https://openalex.org/W1577241502","https://openalex.org/W1770825568","https://openalex.org/W1966280301","https://openalex.org/W1985818354","https://openalex.org/W1993387039","https://openalex.org/W2025653905","https://openalex.org/W2048890562","https://openalex.org/W2052450063","https://openalex.org/W2063289366","https://openalex.org/W2110593694","https://openalex.org/W2128073546","https://openalex.org/W2133081131","https://openalex.org/W2135293965","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2141061870","https://openalex.org/W2148694408","https://openalex.org/W2150884987","https://openalex.org/W2912934387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2211995911","https://openalex.org/W2578718766","https://openalex.org/W2963361044","https://openalex.org/W7027713221","https://openalex.org/W3099417546","https://openalex.org/W4251122323","https://openalex.org/W6922389518","https://openalex.org/W2783278220","https://openalex.org/W3146017397","https://openalex.org/W2946679188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"ensemble":[1,24,178],"is":[2,59,70,79,88,111,126],"a":[3,16,27,46,142],"classifier":[4,44,55,84,119,168],"created":[5],"by":[6,113],"combining":[7,20],"the":[8,53,57,68,72,82,96,99,106,109,117,127,130,151,172,181,186],"predictions":[9],"of":[10,30,95,108,116,129,153,159,175,184],"multiple":[11],"component":[12,118],"classifiers.":[13,187],"We":[14,136],"present":[15],"new":[17],"method":[18,125,140],"for":[19,66,133],"classifiers":[21,35,97],"into":[22,38],"an":[23,39,51,177],"based":[25],"on":[26,56],"simple":[28,173],"estimation":[29],"each":[31,43,134,166],"classifier's":[32,64,73,77],"competence.":[33],"The":[34,121],"are":[36],"grouped":[37],"ordered":[40],"list":[41,58],"where":[42],"has":[45,147],"corresponding":[47],"threshold.":[48],"To":[49],"classify":[50],"example,":[52],"first":[54],"consulted":[60,89],"and":[61,85,90],"if":[62],"that":[63,76],"confidence":[65,103,131],"predicting":[67],"example":[69,100,110],"above":[71,101],"threshold,":[74],"then":[75,105],"prediction":[78,183],"used.":[80],"Otherwise,":[81],"next":[83],"its":[86,102],"threshold":[87,104,132],"so":[91],"on.":[92],"If":[93],"none":[94],"predicts":[98],"class":[107],"predicted":[112],"averaging":[114],"all":[115,185],"predictions.":[120],"key":[122],"to":[123,150],"this":[124,139,162],"selection":[128],"classifier.":[135],"have":[137],"implemented":[138],"in":[141,156],"system":[143],"called":[144],"SEQUEL":[145,164],"which":[146],"been":[148],"applied":[149],"task":[152],"recognizing":[154],"volcanos":[155],"SAR":[157],"images":[158],"Venus.":[160],"In":[161],"domain,":[163],"outperforms":[165],"individual":[167],"as":[169,171],"well":[170],"approach":[174],"using":[176],"constructed":[179],"from":[180],"average":[182],"1":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}