{"id":"https://openalex.org/W47558086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-00115550-199419060-00003","title":"Epidural Catheters for Obstetrics: Terminal Hole or Lateral Eyes?","display_name":"Epidural Catheters for Obstetrics: Terminal Hole or Lateral Eyes?","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W47558086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-00115550-199419060-00003","mag":"47558086","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7848946"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/rapm-00115550-199419060-00003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-00115550-199419060-00003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-00115550-199419060-00003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2755862403","display_name":"Regional Anesthesia The Journal of Neural Blockade in Obstetrics Surgery & Pain Control","issn_l":"0146-521X","issn":["0146-521X","2331-4613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Regional Anesthesia: The Journal of Neural Blockade in Obstetrics, Surgery, &amp; Pain Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W47558086"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110832105","display_name":"C.B. Collier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799851941","display_name":"Royal Hospital for Women","ror":"https://ror.org/021cxfs56","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799851941","https://openalex.org/I4210147382"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. B. Collier","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Hospital for Women, 188 Oxford Street, Paddington, N.S.W. 2021, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Hospital for Women, 188 Oxford Street, Paddington, N.S.W. 2021, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799851941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050994170","display_name":"Stephen Paul Gatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7558-6630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7558-6630"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799851941","display_name":"Royal Hospital for Women","ror":"https://ror.org/021cxfs56","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799851941","https://openalex.org/I4210147382"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. P. Gatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Hospital for Women, 188 Oxford Street, Paddington, N.S.W. 2021, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Hospital for Women, 188 Oxford Street, Paddington, N.S.W. 2021, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799851941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110832105"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799851941"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5114,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87077609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"6","first_page":"378","last_page":"385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11840","display_name":"Pain Management and Treatment","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidural-catheter","display_name":"epidural catheter","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstetric-epidural-analgesia","display_name":"obstetric epidural analgesia","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-analgesia","display_name":"labor analgesia","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cesarean-section","display_name":"cesarean section","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intravascular-injection","display_name":"intravascular injection","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catheter-related-complications","display_name":"catheter-related complications","score":0.5490000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9586700201034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781267111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652297","display_name":"Catheter","level":2,"score":0.7976217865943909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.5445906519889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779664074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518405","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.4770347774028778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4533185660839081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.41307342052459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000767","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000767","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000773","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, Obstetrical","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000773","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, Obstetrical","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002404","descriptor_name":"Catheterization","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002404","descriptor_name":"Catheterization","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002585","descriptor_name":"Cesarean Section","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004868","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008012","descriptor_name":"Lidocaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008614","descriptor_name":"Meperidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009407","descriptor_name":"Nerve Block","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013499","descriptor_name":"Surface Properties","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015360","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015360","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016037","descriptor_name":"Single-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016362","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Obstetrical","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016362","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Obstetrical","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017060","descriptor_name":"Patient Satisfaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036861","descriptor_name":"Delivery, Obstetric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/rapm-00115550-199419060-00003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-00115550-199419060-00003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-00115550-199419060-00003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2755862403","display_name":"Regional Anesthesia The Journal of Neural Blockade in Obstetrics Surgery & Pain Control","issn_l":"0146-521X","issn":["0146-521X","2331-4613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Regional Anesthesia: The Journal of Neural Blockade in Obstetrics, Surgery, &amp; Pain Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7848946","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7848946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Regional anesthesia","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:47558086","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7848946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110570354","https://openalex.org/W1519414908","https://openalex.org/W7218183245","https://openalex.org/W2126106159","https://openalex.org/W4245864150","https://openalex.org/W2093569228","https://openalex.org/W2069572466","https://openalex.org/W1976286039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"AND":[1],"OBJECTIVES:":[2],"Controversy":[3],"exists":[4],"over":[5],"the":[6,9,18,69,76,93,112,122,135],"choice":[7],"of":[8,35,68,78,95,121,134,142,161,177],"ideal":[10],"epidural":[11,40,164],"catheter":[12,19,55,182],"for":[13,42,47],"obstetric":[14,37,168],"use,":[15],"particularly":[16],"whether":[17],"should":[20],"have":[21],"a":[22,54,57,148],"single":[23],"terminal":[24,58,99,123,149,162],"hole":[25,59],"or":[26,46,60],"three":[27,61],"lateral":[28,62,113,136],"eyes.":[29,63],"METHODS:":[30],"A":[31],"randomized":[32],"single-blind":[33],"study":[34,83],"200":[36],"patients":[38,88,169],"undergoing":[39],"block":[41,70],"analgesia":[43],"in":[44,166,190],"labor":[45],"cesarean":[48],"delivery":[49],"was":[50,71,84,102],"undertaken,":[51],"using":[52],"either":[53],"with":[56,98,111,132],"The":[64,82,159],"extent":[65],"and":[66,181],"quality":[67],"recorded,":[72],"as":[73,75,92],"well":[74],"presence":[77],"any":[79],"complications.":[80],"RESULTS:":[81],"abandoned":[85],"after":[86],"102":[87],"had":[89,127],"been":[90],"assessed,":[91],"incidence":[94,176],"unsatisfactory":[96,179],"blocks":[97,180],"eye":[100,114,124,137,150,163,185],"catheters":[101,115,125,138,165,186],"found":[103],"to":[104,128,172],"be":[105,129],"unacceptably":[106,174],"high":[107,175],"(32%),":[108],"when":[109],"compared":[110,131],"(12%)":[116],"(P":[117],"<":[118],".05).":[119],"Four":[120],"(8%)":[126],"resited":[130],"one":[133],"(2%).":[139],"One":[140],"case":[141],"intravascular":[143],"injection":[144],"(2%)":[145],"occurred":[146],"through":[147],"catheter,":[151],"despite":[152],"repeated":[153],"negative":[154],"attempts":[155],"at":[156],"aspiration.":[157],"CONCLUSIONS:":[158],"use":[160],"our":[167,191],"has":[170],"led":[171],"an":[173],"both":[178],"replacement.":[183],"Lateral":[184],"produced":[187],"better":[188],"results":[189],"circumstances.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}