{"id":"https://openalex.org/W47521124","doi":null,"title":"Patient and health service delays in initiating treatment for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: retrospective cohort study.","display_name":"Patient and health service delays in initiating treatment for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: retrospective cohort study.","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W47521124","mag":"47521124","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15139446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:15139446","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15139446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110012311","display_name":"Stuart Paynter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Paynter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015267327","display_name":"Andrew C Hayward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3549-6232","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3549-6232"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Hayward","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084579935","display_name":"Paul Wilkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-259X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-259X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3302-9662","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4334-1713"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Wilkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038908165","display_name":"Stefan Lozewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5028-6658","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5028-6658"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Lozewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111721689","display_name":"Richard Coker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Coker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1058,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85687548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"180","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-tuberculosis","display_name":"pulmonary tuberculosis","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-initiation-delay","display_name":"delayed treatment initiation","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-delay","display_name":"patient delay","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-medical-care","display_name":"delayed care","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smear-positive-pulmonary-tuberculosis","display_name":"smear-positive tuberculosis","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department-presentation","display_name":"emergency department presentation","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-practitioner-referral","display_name":"general practitioner referral","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/care-coordination","display_name":"care coordination","score":0.5979999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9693818092346191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.7219904065132141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.7036138772964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259346","display_name":"Sputum","level":3,"score":0.6623824238777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5282703638076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5280008316040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.4867572784423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47978144884109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.45973312854766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.3904433846473694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.30481797456741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.29744386672973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.14465796947479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006297","descriptor_name":"Health Services Accessibility","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006785","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, University","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008131","descriptor_name":"London","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010342","descriptor_name":"Patient Acceptance of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014397","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014397","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:15139446","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15139446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:56611","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/56611/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE , 8 (2) pp. 180-185. (2004)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:47521124","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15139446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W181145930","https://openalex.org/W2414135204","https://openalex.org/W1517797837","https://openalex.org/W1837267852","https://openalex.org/W2039970658","https://openalex.org/W6747240","https://openalex.org/W2097694993","https://openalex.org/W2883413156","https://openalex.org/W2001681951","https://openalex.org/W3011034825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SETTING:":[0],"Catchment":[1],"population":[2],"of":[3,22,29,131,144,186,191],"the":[4,145,184],"North":[5],"Middlesex":[6],"University":[7],"Hospital":[8],"(NMUH),":[9],"London,":[10],"UK.":[11],"OBJECTIVE:":[12],"To":[13],"measure":[14],"patient":[15],"and":[16,39,52,61,90,96,115,135,160,189],"health":[17,65,127,161,193],"care":[18,128],"delays":[19,48,74,163,167,177],"in":[20,77,80,110,147,168,174,183],"treatment":[21],"pulmonary":[23,33],"tuberculosis.":[24],"DESIGN:":[25],"Retrospective":[26],"cohort":[27],"study":[28],"patients":[30,78,85,169],"notified":[31],"with":[32,98,117],"tuberculosis":[34,187],"between":[35,50,59,149],"1":[36,40],"April":[37],"2001":[38],"March":[41],"2002.":[42],"RESULTS:":[43],"The":[44],"median":[45],"case":[46,72,175],"finding":[47,73,176],"were":[49,75],"78":[51],"99":[53],"days.":[54,63,70],"Median":[55,64],"patient-related":[56],"delay":[57,67,148],"was":[58,68,122],"34.5":[60],"54":[62],"care-related":[66],"29.5":[69],"Shorter":[71],"found":[76],"born":[79,109],"a":[81,111],"high":[82,112],"prevalence":[83,113],"country,":[84,114],"presenting":[86,104,151],"first":[87,105],"to":[88,106,125,142,152,166],"Accident":[89],"Emergency":[91],"department":[92],"(A&E),":[93],"younger":[94],"patients,":[95],"those":[97,103,108,116,150],"sputum":[99],"smear-positive":[100],"disease.":[101],"In":[102],"A&E,":[107],"sputum-positive":[118],"disease,":[119],"this":[120],"effect":[121],"predominantly":[123],"due":[124],"shorter":[126],"delays.":[129],"Limitations":[130],"TB":[132],"service":[133,162],"capacity":[134,185],"organisational":[136],"factors":[137],"appeared":[138],"responsible":[139],"for":[140],"up":[141],"half":[143],"difference":[146],"A&E":[153],"or":[154],"general":[155],"practitioners":[156],"(GPs).":[157],"CONCLUSION:":[158],"Patient":[159],"contribute":[164],"substantially":[165],"accessing":[170],"treatment.":[171],"Considerable":[172],"reduction":[173],"may":[178],"be":[179],"achieved":[180],"through":[181],"changes":[182],"services,":[188],"coordination":[190],"associated":[192],"services.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}