{"id":"https://openalex.org/W47477594","doi":null,"title":"Women in Academia: What Can Be Done to Help Women Achieve Tenure?.","display_name":"Women in Academia: What Can Be Done to Help Women Achieve Tenure?.","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W47477594","mag":"47477594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:47477594","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ913032.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023537650","display_name":"Barbara L. Mandleco","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Mandleco","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023537650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7689,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77511607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2010","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.46459999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.46459999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.27810001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11756","display_name":"Mentoring and Academic Development","score":0.10869999974966049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-academia","display_name":"women in academia","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tenure","display_name":"tenure","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-equity","display_name":"gender equity","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faculty-mentoring","display_name":"faculty mentoring","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-recruitment","display_name":"teacher recruitment","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-friendly-policies","display_name":"family-friendly policies","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-life-balance","display_name":"work-life balance","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjunct-faculty","display_name":"adjunct faculty","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-climate","display_name":"academic climate","score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-committees","display_name":"search committees","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faculty-evaluation","display_name":"faculty evaluation","score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-stem","display_name":"women in STEM","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-sharing","display_name":"job sharing","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-time-employment","display_name":"part-time work","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publication-productivity","display_name":"publication productivity","score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-evaluation","display_name":"teaching evaluation","score":0.4009999930858612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.6760274171829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6027299165725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5794728994369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5705598592758179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5430653691291809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5359877347946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706","display_name":"Institution","level":2,"score":0.4625396728515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992478610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4671277","display_name":"Academic institution","level":2,"score":0.4340243339538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4242701232433319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780210234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422638","display_name":"Action plan","level":2,"score":0.41826409101486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3815370500087738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3656608462333679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.20706671476364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1954331398010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13791948556900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:47477594","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ913032.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W649153895","https://openalex.org/W1525470810","https://openalex.org/W1528364525","https://openalex.org/W1556820216","https://openalex.org/W1952148407","https://openalex.org/W1964533236","https://openalex.org/W1969714751","https://openalex.org/W1975568079","https://openalex.org/W1980336668","https://openalex.org/W1990631581","https://openalex.org/W2003030150","https://openalex.org/W2003040446","https://openalex.org/W2010944995","https://openalex.org/W2018857918","https://openalex.org/W2023622036","https://openalex.org/W2039141158","https://openalex.org/W2039970932","https://openalex.org/W2070207549","https://openalex.org/W2076219037","https://openalex.org/W2078719786","https://openalex.org/W2086216797","https://openalex.org/W2088760960","https://openalex.org/W2100651238","https://openalex.org/W2107403539","https://openalex.org/W2133671562","https://openalex.org/W2143444322","https://openalex.org/W2146145638","https://openalex.org/W2161633165","https://openalex.org/W2414225040","https://openalex.org/W2499302046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100457214","https://openalex.org/W2892042111","https://openalex.org/W1586410423","https://openalex.org/W4402226786","https://openalex.org/W160835883","https://openalex.org/W225614042","https://openalex.org/W3154702753","https://openalex.org/W4324354754","https://openalex.org/W7061575301","https://openalex.org/W2006108444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Women":[0],"are":[1,9,157,328,444,555,578],"not":[2,31,55,258,601],"tenured":[3,17,457],"at":[4,128,143,276,474,547],"the":[5,81,106,117,188,232,262,269,294,298,326,335,349,367,392,397,433,437,475,500,508,521,526,538,557,583,612,634],"same":[6,476],"rate":[7,477],"they":[8,443,471],"receiving":[10],"PhDs,":[11],"and":[12,67,101,113,146,179,194,199,254,256,302,321,337,346,384,391,422,428,435,452,499,560,576,624,628],"less":[13,453],"likely":[14,454],"to":[15,20,73,91,96,123,162,176,204,348,370,380,400,414,420,455,465,515,519,537,565,594,610,632],"be":[16,261,381,401,415,456],"when":[18,65,458,545],"compared":[19,464],"their":[21,180,466,597],"male":[22,197,467,566,598],"counterparts.":[23],"Reasons":[24],"women":[25,98,125,148,156,169,413,425,517,548,588,621],"have":[26,426,493,562,591,622],"difficulty":[27],"achieving":[28,595,626],"tenure":[29,166,177,228,312,378,451,527,558,596,627],"include":[30,77],"discussing":[32],"important":[33,62,90,161,234],"information":[34,398],"about":[35],"an":[36,241,329],"academic":[37,70,242,309,522],"appointment":[38],"with":[39,196],"colleagues,":[40,198],"working":[41],"part":[42,222],"time":[43,223,393],"or":[44,52,217,221,272,351,354],"as":[45,150,291,478],"adjunct":[46],"faculty,":[47,567],"being":[48,86],"involved":[49],"in":[50,212,325,447,496,507,589],"\u201cpastoral":[51],"administrative\u201d":[53],"work,":[54],"having":[56],"a":[57,139,171,236,245,264,274,316,568],"realistic":[58],"understanding":[59],"of":[60,138,152,165,173,231,247,297,318,331,339,344,502,530,541,572],"how":[61],"research":[63,332],"is":[64,83,89,121,160,215,229,313,404,604],"untenured,":[66],"experiencing":[68],"non":[69],"issues.":[71],"Interventions":[72],"alleviate":[74,611,633],"this":[75,497],"situation":[76],"departmental/campus":[78,189],"policies":[79,203],"before/during/after":[80],"woman":[82],"hired.":[84],"Before":[85],"hired":[87,158],"it":[88,120,159,249,292,409],"provide":[92,183],"female":[93,133,192,504],"faculty":[94,149,193,265,299,319,372,448,505],"mentors":[95],"bright/capable":[97],"doctoral":[99,134,141],"students":[100,135],"help":[102],"them":[103],"prepare":[104],"for":[105,411,450],"academy":[107,270,434],"by":[108,209],"prioritizing":[109],"scholarship":[110],"over":[111],"teaching":[112],"encouraging":[114],"publications.":[115],"During":[116],"hiring":[118,131],"process":[119],"useful":[122],"target":[124],"through":[126],"advertising/recruiting":[127],"conferences,":[129],"consider":[130],"current":[132],"after":[136],"completion":[137],"post":[140],"experience":[142],"another":[144,277],"institution,":[145,350],"appointing":[147],"chair/members":[151],"search":[153],"committees.":[154],"After":[155],"improve":[163,187],"transparency/equitability/inclusivity":[164],"guidelines,":[167],"assist":[168],"create":[170],"plan":[172],"action":[174],"related":[175,593],"criteria":[178],"own":[181],"skills/abilities,":[182],"formal/informal":[184],"mentoring":[185],"opportunities,":[186],"climate":[190],"regarding":[191],"interaction":[195],"adopt":[200],"family":[201],"friendly":[202],"better":[205],"integrate":[206],"family/work":[207],"obligations":[208],"providing":[210],"flexibility":[211],"when/where/how":[213],"work":[214],"done,":[216],"offering":[218],"job":[219],"sharing":[220],"employment":[224],"options.":[225],"Introduction":[226],"Achieving":[227],"one":[230,375],"most":[233],"transitions":[235],"person":[237],"experiences":[238],"if":[239,257],"choosing":[240],"career.":[243],"Considered":[244],"rite":[246],"passage,":[248],"reflects":[250,293],"one\u201fs":[251,287,352],"professional":[252],"standing":[253],"accomplishments,":[255],"achieved":[259],"may":[260,376],"reason":[263],"member":[266],"either":[267],"leaves":[268],"entirely":[271],"seeks":[273],"position":[275],"institution":[278],"(Reybold,":[279],"&":[280,305,357,363,388,483,488],"Alamia,":[281,358],"2008).":[282,365,533],"Tenure":[283],"also":[284],"often":[285,445],"defines":[286],"future":[288],"career":[289],"trajectory":[290],"academy\u201fs":[295],"recognition":[296],"member\u201fs":[300],"potential":[301],"contribution":[303],"(Defillippi":[304],"Author,":[306],"1994).":[307],"Normally,":[308],"performance":[310],"toward":[311],"based":[314],"on":[315,460,556,582],"trinity":[317],"roles":[320],"consequent":[322],"contributions.":[323],"Included":[324],"expectations":[327],"evaluation":[330],"productivity":[333],"including":[334],"quality":[336],"number":[338],"publications":[340],"(scholarship);":[341],"student":[342],"ratings":[343],"teaching;":[345],"citizenship/service":[347],"community":[353],"discipline":[355],"(Reybold":[356],"2008;":[359],"Todd,":[360],"Madill,":[361],"Shaw,":[362],"Bown,":[364],"However":[366],"procedure":[368],"used":[369],"evaluate":[371],"accomplishments":[373],"so":[374],"achieve":[377],"tends":[379],"quite":[382],"rigid":[383],"bureaucratic":[385],"(Stewart,":[386],"Ornstein":[387],"Drakich,":[389],"2009),":[390],"frame":[394],"within":[395],"which":[396,403],"needs":[399],"gathered,":[402],"typically":[405],"six":[406],"years,":[407],"makes":[408],"difficult":[410],"many":[412],"successful.":[416],"In":[417,441,534],"fact,":[418],"according":[419,536],"Stewart":[421],"colleagues":[423],"(2009)":[424],"historically":[427],"frequently":[429],"been":[430,494],"excluded":[431],"from":[432,513,525],"especially":[436,524],"higher":[438,570],"professorial":[439],"ranks.":[440],"addition,":[442,535],"underrepresented":[446],"considered":[449],"Forum":[459],"Public":[461],"Policy":[462],"2":[463],"counterparts":[468,599],"even":[469],"though":[470],"receive":[472],"PhDs":[473],"males":[479],"(Harris,":[480],"2009;":[481],"West":[482],"Curtis,":[484],"2006;":[485],"Wolfinger,":[486],"Mason,":[487],"Goulden,":[489],"2009).":[490],"Although":[491],"there":[492,577],"improvements":[495],"situation,":[498],"proportion":[501],"full-time":[503],"members":[506],"United":[509],"States":[510],"almost":[511],"doubled":[512],"1984":[514],"2008,":[516],"continue":[518],"leave":[520],"pipeline,":[523],"track":[528],"(Bureau":[529],"Labor":[531],"Statistics,":[532],"American":[539],"Association":[540],"University":[542],"Professors":[543],"(2010),":[544],"looking":[546],"nationally,":[549],"31%":[550],"hold":[551,574],"non-tenure-track":[552,584],"positions,":[553],"26%":[554],"track,":[559],"43%":[561],"tenure.":[563],"Compared":[564],"much":[569,579],"percentage":[571],"men":[573,581],"tenure,":[575],"fewer":[580],"than":[585],"women.":[586],"Indeed,":[587],"academia":[590],"challenges":[592,623],"do":[600,609],"have.":[602],"Why":[603],"this?":[605],"What":[606],"can":[607],"we":[608],"situation?":[613],"The":[614],"following":[615],"paragraphs":[616],"will":[617],"initially":[618],"discuss":[619],"why":[620],"difficulties":[625],"then":[629],"offer":[630],"suggestions":[631],"situation.":[635]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}