{"id":"https://openalex.org/W47251150","doi":null,"title":"The Influence of a Time Limit and Bilingualism on Scholastic Assessment Test Performance","display_name":"The Influence of a Time Limit and Bilingualism on Scholastic Assessment Test Performance","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W47251150","mag":"47251150"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:47251150","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Dedonno2/publication/262724940_The_Influence_of_a_Time_Limit_and_Bilingualism_on_Scholastic_Assessment_Test_Performance/links/0deec5388ee9273865000000.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88263524","display_name":"North American journal of psychology","issn_l":"1527-7143","issn":["1527-7143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"North American journal of psychology","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086186571","display_name":"Michael A. DeDonno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-6904","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-6904"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151583259","display_name":"Barry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1hh402","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151583259"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael A. DeDonno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barry University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-6904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barry University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151583259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110717133","display_name":"Karla Rivera-Torres","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karla Rivera-Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036090878","display_name":"Ann Monis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ann Monis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044905049","display_name":"Joseph F. Fagan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph F. Fagan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7547,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90937336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"211","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.92330002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.92330002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.021299999207258224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.012799999676644802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingualism","display_name":"bilingualism","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-constraints","display_name":"time constraints","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-of-instruction","display_name":"language of instruction","score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-taking-time","display_name":"test-taking time","score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-admission","display_name":"university admission","score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.4390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49876356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002651","display_name":"Neuroscience of multilingualism","level":2,"score":0.8660024404525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776684731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5522084","display_name":"Garcia","level":2,"score":0.7415534257888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5738633275032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5505280494689941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4843965172767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.46470609307289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233107","display_name":"Bilingual education","level":2,"score":0.4273374378681183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3922920525074005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3579876124858856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.22287434339523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.20083090662956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.1428861916065216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:47251150","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Dedonno2/publication/262724940_The_Influence_of_a_Time_Limit_and_Bilingualism_on_Scholastic_Assessment_Test_Performance/links/0deec5388ee9273865000000.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88263524","display_name":"North American journal of psychology","issn_l":"1527-7143","issn":["1527-7143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"North American journal of psychology","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206051686","https://openalex.org/W324846629","https://openalex.org/W1536819617","https://openalex.org/W1928481255","https://openalex.org/W1979966569","https://openalex.org/W1984393647","https://openalex.org/W1985034335","https://openalex.org/W1985518158","https://openalex.org/W1998158544","https://openalex.org/W2011040048","https://openalex.org/W2014621753","https://openalex.org/W2021159179","https://openalex.org/W2021765444","https://openalex.org/W2022603568","https://openalex.org/W2025244574","https://openalex.org/W2032161460","https://openalex.org/W2032962639","https://openalex.org/W2036203784","https://openalex.org/W2047976276","https://openalex.org/W2048389585","https://openalex.org/W2067884299","https://openalex.org/W2070169288","https://openalex.org/W2075382077","https://openalex.org/W2087888736","https://openalex.org/W2100841153","https://openalex.org/W2110522160","https://openalex.org/W2112507528","https://openalex.org/W2118825929","https://openalex.org/W2137296887","https://openalex.org/W2139783553","https://openalex.org/W2165566278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7017749800","https://openalex.org/W415975745","https://openalex.org/W2988733161","https://openalex.org/W3129807299","https://openalex.org/W2895206548","https://openalex.org/W2600433439","https://openalex.org/W193773305","https://openalex.org/W2466119914","https://openalex.org/W2785045372","https://openalex.org/W6998887294"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Approximately":[0],"20%":[1],"of":[2,41,60,93,110,120,134,151,186,352,367,408,417,428,442,445,488,508,544],"the":[3,13,42,58,67,91,98,108,118,152,158,177,187,230,270,283,311,327,361,385,391,402,415,418,425,506,542],"US":[4],"population":[5,43],"speaks":[6],"a":[7,71,247,264,295,339,405,429,438,451,482],"language":[8,72,249,268,281,285,297,329,341,353,362,379,431,453,502,546],"other":[9,73],"than":[10,74,171,500],"English":[11,75],"with":[12,38],"rate":[14],"increasing":[15],"to":[16,56,81,106,156,244,299,304,320,332,355,492,518,538,549],"48%":[17],"in":[18,24,32,66,97,202,213,223,239,302,310,330,360,389,411],"New":[19],"York":[20],"City":[21],"and":[22,162,210,221,233,237,253,266,437,470,477,522,564,584,586],"60%":[23],"Los":[25],"Angeles":[26],"(U.S.":[27],"Census":[28],"Bureau,":[29],"2010).":[30],"Bilingualism":[31,195],"Europe":[33],"is":[34,104,179,370,399,422,570],"even":[35,504],"more":[36,170,499],"prevalent":[37],"approximately":[39],"56%":[40],"across":[44],"all":[45],"European":[46],"Union":[47],"countries":[48],"being":[49],"bilingual":[50,201,374],"(European":[51],"Commission,":[52],"2006).":[53],"From":[54],"1980":[55],"2009,":[57],"number":[59],"school-age":[61],"children":[62],"(5-17":[63],"years":[64,351],"old)":[65],"United":[68,99,312],"States":[69,100],"speaking":[70,390],"at":[76,269,348,433],"home":[77],"increased":[78],"from":[79],"4.7":[80],"11.2":[82],"million":[83,173],"(National":[84],"Center":[85],"for":[86,373,432,532],"Education":[87],"Statistics,":[88],"2011).":[89,116,194],"With":[90],"increase":[92],"Latin":[94],"American":[95],"students":[96,174,337],"education":[101],"system,":[102],"it":[103],"important":[105],"determine":[107],"role":[109],"bilingualism":[111,121,135,161,421,455,569],"on":[112,481,572],"academic":[113],"achievement":[114],"(Bialystok,":[115,126,459],"While":[117],"advantages":[119],"have":[122,136,262,465],"been":[123,138],"well":[124],"documented":[125,139],"2009;":[127,143],"Garcia-Vazquez,":[128],"Vazquez,":[129],"&":[130,141,146,461,495,554],"Lopez,":[131],"1997),":[132],"disadvantages":[133],"equally":[137],"(Bialystok":[140,494,510,553],"Depape,":[142,496,555],"Gollan,":[144],"Bonanni,":[145],"Montoya,":[147],"2005).":[148],"The":[149,530],"purpose":[150,416],"present":[153,419],"study":[154],"was":[155,286],"explore":[157],"relationship":[159],"between":[160],"Scholastic":[163],"Assessment":[164],"Test":[165],"(SAT)":[166],"performance.":[167],"Taken":[168],"by":[169,181,384,560],"two":[172,214,515],"every":[175],"year,":[176],"SAT":[178],"required":[180],"many":[182,203],"institutions":[183],"as":[184,259,307,335,424,577],"part":[185],"college":[188,336],"application":[189],"process":[190],"(The":[191],"College":[192],"Board,":[193],"defined.":[196],"People":[197],"may":[198,503],"be":[199,382,539],"considered":[200],"ways:":[204],"1)":[205],"people":[206,217,260,276,317],"who":[207,218,261,277,318,448,473],"speak,":[208,219,235],"read,":[209,220,236],"write":[211,222,238],"fluently":[212],"languages;":[215],"2)":[216],"one":[224,240,501],"language,":[225,241],"but":[226,242,323,541],"can":[227,381],"only":[228],"speak":[229,478],"second":[231,248,267,280,296,328,392,430],"language;":[232],"3)":[234],"understand":[243],"some":[245],"extent":[246],"(Romaine,":[250],"1995).":[251],"Valdes":[252],"Figueroa":[254],"(1994)":[255],"define":[256],"simultaneous":[257],"bilinguals":[258,274,289,315,476],"acquired":[263],"first":[265,284],"same":[271],"time.":[272],"Sequential":[273],"are":[275,290,316,474,536],"acquire":[278],"their":[279,412],"after":[282],"acquired.":[287],"Circumstantial":[288],"those":[291],"that":[292,345,397,467,568],"must":[293],"learn":[294],"due":[298],"living":[300,309],"circumstances":[301],"order":[303,331],"survive,":[305],"such":[306,334,576],"immigrants":[308],"States.":[313],"Elective":[314],"choose":[319],"become":[321],"bilingual,":[322],"do":[324],"not":[325],"need":[326,347],"live,":[333],"taking":[338],"foreign":[340,452],"course.":[342],"Research":[343],"finds":[344],"individuals":[346],"least":[349,434],"five":[350,435],"experience":[354],"develop":[356],"problem":[357],"solving":[358],"ability":[359,380,388,458],"(Cummins,":[363],"1981).":[364],"Regular":[365],"use":[366,427],"both":[368,479],"languages":[369,480,516],"also":[371],"necessary":[372],"development":[375],"(Grosjean,":[376],"1992).":[377],"Further,":[378],"influenced":[383],"individual's":[386],"perceived":[387,439],"language.":[393],"Bandura":[394],"(1993)":[395],"postulates":[396],"performance":[398],"optimized":[400],"when":[401],"individual":[403],"has":[404],"high":[406],"degree":[407],"self":[409],"confidence":[410],"ability.":[413],"For":[414],"study,":[420],"defined":[423],"regular":[426],"years,":[436],"skill":[440],"level":[441],"advanced.":[443],"Advantages":[444],"Bilingualism.":[446],"Researchers":[447],"advocate":[449],"learning":[450],"suggest":[454],"enhances":[456],"cognitive":[457,551,574],"Craik,":[460],"Freedman,":[462],"2007).":[463,513],"Studies":[464],"shown":[466],"children,":[468],"adults,":[469],"older":[471],"adults":[472],"lifelong":[475],"daily":[483],"basis":[484],"show":[485],"higher":[486],"levels":[487],"executive":[489],"control":[490],"compared":[491],"monolinguals":[493],"2009).":[497,556],"Speaking":[498],"delay":[505],"onset":[507],"dementia":[509],"et":[511,527],"al.,":[512,528],"Learning":[514],"seems":[517,548],"enhance":[519],"mental":[520],"flexibility":[521],"superior":[523],"concept":[524],"formation":[525],"(Garcia-Vazquez":[526],"1997).":[529],"mechanisms":[531],"these":[533],"underlying":[534],"phenomena":[535],"yet":[537],"determined,":[540],"management":[543],"multiple":[545],"systems":[547],"yield":[550],"benefits":[552],"A":[557],"meta-analysis":[558],"conducted":[559],"Adesope,":[561],"Lavin,":[562],"Thompson,":[563],"Ungerleider":[565],"(2010)":[566],"revealed":[567],"dependent":[571],"several":[573],"activities":[575],"attentional":[578],"control,":[579],"working":[580],"memory,":[581],"metalinguistic":[582],"awareness,":[583],"abstract":[585],"symbolic":[587],"representation":[588],"skills.":[589],"\u2026":[590]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
