{"id":"https://openalex.org/W47049445","doi":null,"title":"Mortality in a large tuberculosis treatment trial: modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.","display_name":"Mortality in a large tuberculosis treatment trial: modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W47049445","mag":"47049445","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16704037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:16704037","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16704037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109313134","display_name":"Timothy R. Sterling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-6979","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-6979"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T R Sterling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. timothy.sterling@vanderbilt.edu","VA Medical Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. timothy.sterling@vanderbilt.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Medical Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100706799","display_name":"Zhigang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-2259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-2259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centers for Disease Control & Prevention"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centers for Disease Control & Prevention","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102026498","display_name":"Abdul Qadir Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-2559","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-2559"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centers for Disease Control & Prevention"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centers for Disease Control & Prevention","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071106707","display_name":"Richard E. Chaisson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-925X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-925X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R E Chaisson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University ("],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034410442","display_name":"Neil W. Schluger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0162-2082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0162-2082"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N Schluger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063884838","display_name":"Bonita T. Mangura","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286694","display_name":"University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/02tvvmk84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142","https://openalex.org/I4405286694"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Mangura","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286694"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013628607","display_name":"MARC H. WEINER","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8778-5485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8778-5485"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Weiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["VA Medical Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Medical Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068140387","display_name":"Andrew A. Vernon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-8534","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-8534"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Vernon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centers for Disease Control & Prevention"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centers for Disease Control & Prevention","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1342,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9084687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"542","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13586","display_name":"HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-mortality","display_name":"tuberculosis mortality","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-tuberculosis","display_name":"pulmonary tuberculosis","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors-for-mortality","display_name":"mortality risk factors","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-infection","display_name":"HIV infection","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-consumption","display_name":"alcohol consumption","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"cancer","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modifiable-risk-factors","display_name":"modifiable risk factors","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-failure","display_name":"treatment failure","score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relapse","display_name":"relapse","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culture-positive-tuberculosis","display_name":"culture-positive tuberculosis","score":0.6230000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9369180202484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.7838157415390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.479084312915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.05362263321876526}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000569","descriptor_name":"Americas","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000995","descriptor_name":"Antitubercular Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002170","descriptor_name":"Canada","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002423","descriptor_name":"Cause of Death","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014397","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014397","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015337","descriptor_name":"Multicenter Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016009","descriptor_name":"Chi-Square Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016016","descriptor_name":"Proportional Hazards Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023801","descriptor_name":"Directly Observed Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:16704037","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16704037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:47049445","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16704037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1952694352","https://openalex.org/W3091028925","https://openalex.org/W2166572106","https://openalex.org/W2030031094","https://openalex.org/W63785942","https://openalex.org/W128659311","https://openalex.org/W2167207873","https://openalex.org/W2105514542","https://openalex.org/W2202284004","https://openalex.org/W3092220942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SETTING:":[0],"North":[1,8],"America.":[2],"OBJECTIVES:":[3],"Tuberculosis":[4],"(TB)":[5],"patients":[6,204],"in":[7,26,32,39,202,210],"America":[9],"often":[10],"have":[11],"characteristics":[12],"that":[13],"may":[14],"increase":[15],"overall":[16],"mortality.":[17],"Identifying":[18],"modifiable":[19],"risk":[20,119,157,166,184],"factors":[21,120,167],"would":[22],"allow":[23],"for":[24,58,67,121,125],"improvements":[25],"outcome.":[27],"DESIGN:":[28],"We":[29],"evaluated":[30],"mortality":[31,209],"a":[33],"large":[34],"TB":[35,49,191,203],"treatment":[36,176],"trial":[37],"conducted":[38],"the":[40,162],"United":[41],"States":[42],"and":[43,65,97,148,175,199],"Canada.":[44],"Persons":[45],"with":[46,161,181],"culture-positive":[47],"pulmonary":[48],"were":[50,178],"enrolled":[51],"after":[52,123],"2":[53,68],"months":[54,61],"of":[55,75,158,164,173,185],"treatment,":[56],"treated":[57],"4":[59],"more":[60],"under":[62],"direct":[63],"observation,":[64],"followed":[66],"years":[69],"(total":[70],"observation:":[71],"28":[72],"months).":[73],"Cause":[74],"death":[76,80,107,122,159],"was":[77,108,192],"determined":[78],"by":[79],"certificate,":[81],"autopsy,":[82],"and/or":[83],"clinical":[84],"observation.":[85],"RESULTS:":[86],"Of":[87],"1075":[88],"participants,":[89],"71":[90],"(6.6%)":[91],"died:":[92],"15/71":[93],"(21.1%)":[94],"HIV-infected":[95],"persons,":[96],"56/1004":[98],"(5.6%)":[99],"non-HIV-infected":[100],"persons":[101],"(P":[102,169],"<":[103,133,139,146,170],"0.001).":[104],"Only":[105],"one":[106],"attributed":[109],"to":[110,190,195,207],"TB.":[111],"Cox":[112],"multivariate":[113],"regression":[114],"analysis":[115],"identified":[116],"four":[117],"independent":[118,165],"controlling":[124],"age:":[126],"malignancy":[127],"(hazard":[128],"ratio":[129],"[HR]":[130],"5.28,":[131],"P":[132,138,145,153],"0.0001),":[134,140,147],"HIV":[135],"(HR":[136,143,151],"3.89,":[137],"daily":[141],"alcohol":[142,200],"2.94,":[144],"being":[149],"unemployed":[150],"1.99,":[152],"=":[154],"0.01).":[155],"The":[156],"increased":[160,183],"number":[163],"present":[168],"0.0001).":[171],"Extent":[172],"disease":[174],"failure/relapse":[177],"not":[179],"associated":[180],"an":[182],"death.":[186],"CONCLUSIONS:":[187],"Death":[188],"due":[189],"rare.":[193],"Interventions":[194],"treat":[196],"malignancy,":[197],"HIV,":[198],"use":[201],"are":[205],"needed":[206],"reduce":[208],"this":[211],"patient":[212],"population.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}