{"id":"https://openalex.org/W46999233","doi":null,"title":"Relationship of hemoglobin A1c, age of diabetes diagnosis, and ethnicity to clinical outcomes and medical costs in a computer-simulated cohort of persons with type 2 diabetes.","display_name":"Relationship of hemoglobin A1c, age of diabetes diagnosis, and ethnicity to clinical outcomes and medical costs in a computer-simulated cohort of persons with type 2 diabetes.","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W46999233","mag":"46999233","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10977465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10977465","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10977465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of managed care","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111772441","display_name":"Gregory de Lissovoy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G de Lissovoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["MEDTAP International, Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. delissovoy@medtap.com","MEDTAP International, Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MEDTAP International, Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. delissovoy@medtap.com","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MEDTAP International, Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113432833","display_name":"Ganoczy Da","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D A Ganoczy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004466041","display_name":"N F Ray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6010-2700","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6010-2700"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N F Ray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicare Payment Advisory Commission"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicare Payment Advisory Commission","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6831,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82626661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"5","first_page":"573","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.6782000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.6782000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.22750000655651093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.04129999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-complications","display_name":"diabetes complications","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-medical-costs","display_name":"direct medical costs","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-at-diagnosis","display_name":"age at diagnosis","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnicity","display_name":"ethnicity","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-americans","display_name":"Hispanic Americans","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-simulation","display_name":"computer simulation","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9539920091629028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.8804711103439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.6333960890769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81182388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353963","display_name":"Complication","level":2,"score":0.586758017539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5661754608154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.556013286113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5494847893714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5343714356422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.38704895973205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.34782934188842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.34151536226272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.32501429319381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.28997474908828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.07267621159553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006442","descriptor_name":"Glycated Hemoglobin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006630","descriptor_name":"Hispanic or Latino","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017281","descriptor_name":"Cost of Illness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017668","descriptor_name":"Age of Onset","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10977465","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10977465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of managed care","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:46999233","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10977465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2318173279","https://openalex.org/W1939277701","https://openalex.org/W2127476558","https://openalex.org/W4210873118","https://openalex.org/W2046745658","https://openalex.org/W4249014838","https://openalex.org/W94068583","https://openalex.org/W2029541257","https://openalex.org/W2906818358","https://openalex.org/W2809770391"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"project":[2],"the":[3,21,53,65,70,78,87],"impact":[4],"of":[5,28,43,56,117,147],"maintaining":[6],"long-term":[7,131],"glycemic":[8,132],"control":[9,133],"(i.e.,":[10],"a":[11,48,124],"sustained":[12],"reduction":[13,88],"in":[14,30,81,89],"glycosylated":[15],"hemoglobin":[16],"(hemoglobin":[17],"A1c":[18],"[HbA1c])":[19],"on":[20],"lifetime":[22],"incidence":[23],"and":[24,67,86,102,108,137,160],"direct":[25,90],"medical":[26,91,140],"costs":[27,109,138],"complications":[29],"persons":[31,122],"with":[32,123],"type":[33],"2":[34],"diabetes.":[35],"STUDY":[36],"DESIGN,":[37],"PATIENTS,":[38],"AND":[39],"METHODS:":[40],"Computer":[41],"simulation":[42],"hypothetical":[44],"patient":[45],"cohorts":[46],"using":[47],"published":[49],"model":[50],"developed":[51],"by":[52,156],"National":[54],"Institutes":[55],"Health.":[57],"RESULTS:":[58],"Across":[59],"all":[60,143],"HbA1c":[61,118],"levels,":[62],"Hispanics":[63,96,159],"had":[64,69],"highest":[66,94],"whites":[68],"lowest":[71],"complication":[72,82,135],"rates.":[73],"With":[74],"lower":[75,115],"maintained":[76,120],"HbA1c,":[77],"absolute":[79],"decrease":[80],"rates":[83,107,136],"was":[84,93],"greatest":[85],"expenditures":[92],"among":[95,121],"(18%":[97],"vs":[98],"15%":[99],"for":[100,104,139,142],"blacks":[101],"12%":[103],"whites).":[105],"Complication":[106],"were":[110,119],"most":[111],"dramatically":[112],"reduced":[113],"when":[114],"levels":[116],"younger":[125],"age":[126,148],"at":[127,149],"diagnosis.":[128,150],"CONCLUSIONS:":[129],"Maintaining":[130],"reduces":[134],"care":[141],"ethnic":[144],"groups":[145],"regardless":[146],"Relatively":[151],"greater":[152],"benefit":[153],"is":[154],"achieved":[155],"interventions":[157],"targeting":[158],"younger,":[161],"newly":[162],"diagnosed":[163],"persons.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
