{"id":"https://openalex.org/W46901227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v84i8.43082","title":"Chemical weed management effects on productivity and profitability of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus) in north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains","display_name":"Chemical weed management effects on productivity and profitability of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus) in north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W46901227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v84i8.43082","mag":"46901227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56093/ijas.v84i8.43082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v84i8.43082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v84i8.43082","pdf_url":"https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/download/43082/19131","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182975812","display_name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","issn_l":"0019-5022","issn":["0019-5022","2394-3319"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318737","host_organization_name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318737"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indian Council of Agricultural Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/download/43082/19131","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027422101","display_name":"T JANKIRAM","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45509622","display_name":"Indian Agricultural Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01bzgdw81","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T JANKIRAM","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109797406","display_name":"Kishan Swaroop","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45509622","display_name":"Indian Agricultural Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01bzgdw81","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KISHAN SWAROOP","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101919318","display_name":"Tapas Kumar Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5571-9771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5571-9771","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9753-1420"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45509622","display_name":"Indian Agricultural Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01bzgdw81","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T K DAS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45509622"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3709,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63225801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"8","first_page":"951","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12058","display_name":"Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11180","display_name":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gladiolus","display_name":"gladiolus","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gladiolus-hybridus","display_name":"Gladiolus hybridus","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-control","display_name":"weed control","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-emergence-herbicides","display_name":"pre-emergence herbicides","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tank-mix-herbicides","display_name":"tank-mix herbicides","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrazine","display_name":"atrazine","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butachlor","display_name":"butachlor","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pendimethalin","display_name":"pendimethalin","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metribuzin","display_name":"metribuzin","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corm-yield","display_name":"corm yield","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cut-flower-yield","display_name":"cut flower yield","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytotoxicity","display_name":"phytotoxicity","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indo-gangetic-plain","display_name":"Indo-Gangetic Plain","score":0.8259999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776137161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156207","display_name":"Gladiolus","level":2,"score":0.9708853960037231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62555735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858568","display_name":"Corm","level":2,"score":0.8290611505508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.6911149024963379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778302866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423895","display_name":"Pendimethalin","level":3,"score":0.6854839324951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.6253520846366882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5783637762069702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5507742166519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780324493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411950","display_name":"Butachlor","level":3,"score":0.5503626465797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779315688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421450","display_name":"Metribuzin","level":3,"score":0.5362863540649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150668497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104870826","display_name":"Dry weight","level":2,"score":0.5034241080284119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.4986088275909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.42896538972854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779595939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408652","display_name":"Atrazine","level":3,"score":0.42261332273483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.13994035124778748}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56093/ijas.v84i8.43082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v84i8.43082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v84i8.43082","pdf_url":"https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/download/43082/19131","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182975812","display_name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","issn_l":"0019-5022","issn":["0019-5022","2394-3319"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318737","host_organization_name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318737"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indian Council of Agricultural Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:28300a39d18349fdaedfd256418e8b9c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/28300a39d18349fdaedfd256418e8b9c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 84, Iss 8 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56093/ijas.v84i8.43082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v84i8.43082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v84i8.43082","pdf_url":"https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/download/43082/19131","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182975812","display_name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","issn_l":"0019-5022","issn":["0019-5022","2394-3319"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318737","host_organization_name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318737"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indian Council of Agricultural Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8409000039100647,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W46901227.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W46901227.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59336296","https://openalex.org/W75918970","https://openalex.org/W1515968892","https://openalex.org/W1901873544","https://openalex.org/W2128399150","https://openalex.org/W2136385724","https://openalex.org/W2156085609","https://openalex.org/W2268610099","https://openalex.org/W4390290464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W53891279","https://openalex.org/W2592467376","https://openalex.org/W2803291681","https://openalex.org/W1990373927","https://openalex.org/W4285243363","https://openalex.org/W819422320","https://openalex.org/W2130714129","https://openalex.org/W2011881964","https://openalex.org/W2497469293","https://openalex.org/W7084500520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"field":[1],"experiment,":[2],"involving":[3],"ten":[4],"weed":[5,86,110],"control":[6],"treatments":[7,73],"laid":[8],"out":[9],"in":[10,75,139,168,205],"a":[11],"randomized":[12],"complete":[13],"block":[14],"design":[15],"with":[16],"three":[17],"replications,":[18],"was":[19,38,68,239],"undertaken":[20],"at":[21,129],"the":[22,30,41,95,136,188],"Indian":[23],"Agricultural":[24],"Research":[25],"Institute,":[26],"New":[27],"Delhi":[28],"during":[29],"winter":[31],"seasons,":[32],"2011-12":[33],"and":[34,55,59,81,84,104,108,141,164,224,234,238],"2012-13.":[35],"The":[36,162,179,192],"objective":[37],"to":[39,90,176,231],"evaluate":[40],"effects":[42],"of":[43,46,62,79,101,144,196],"different":[44],"combinations":[45],"herbicides,":[47],"particularly":[48],"pre-emergence":[49,121,181,194],"tank-mix":[50,180,193],"herbicides":[51,163],"applications":[52,182],"on":[53],"weeds,":[54,83],"flowering,":[56],"corm":[57,220],"yield":[58,216,221],"benefit-cost":[60],"economics":[61],"gladiolus":[63,177,210],"(Gladiolus":[64],"hybridus":[65],"Hort.).":[66],"It":[67],"observed":[69],"that":[70],"all":[71],"herbicidal":[72,147],"resulted":[74,204],"significantly":[76,206],"lower":[77],"density":[78,100,140],"monocot":[80,102],"dicot":[82,105],"total":[85,109],"dry":[87,111,142],"weight":[88,112,143],"compared":[89,230],"weedy":[91,232],"check,":[92],"which":[93],"had":[94],"highest":[96],"two-":[97],"year":[98],"mean":[99,209],"(165/m2)":[103],"(364/m2)":[106],"weeds":[107],"(171":[113],"g/m2).":[114],"Among":[115],"herbicide":[116,190],"treatments,":[117,148,237],"atrazine":[118,133],"1.0":[119,151],"kg/ha":[120,152,199,203],"followed":[122],"by":[123],"rice":[124],"residue":[125],"@":[126],"5":[127],"tonnes/ha":[128],"2":[130],"days":[131],"after":[132],"application":[134,195],"caused":[135],"greatest":[137],"reduction":[138],"weeds.":[145,161],"All":[146],"except":[149],"butachlor":[150],"pre-emergence,":[153],"were":[154,183],"equally":[155],"effective":[156,186],"as":[157],"this":[158,169],"treatment":[159],"against":[160],"their":[165],"doses":[166],"adopted":[167],"study":[170],"did":[171],"not":[172],"pose":[173],"any":[174],"phytotoxicity":[175],"plants.":[178],"usually":[184],"more":[185],"than":[187],"single":[189],"application.":[191],"pendimethalin":[197],"0.75":[198],"+":[200],"metribuzin":[201],"0.3":[202],"greater":[207],"two-year":[208],"plant":[211],"height":[212],"(116":[213],"cm),":[214],"cut-flower":[215],"(172":[217],"500":[218],"spikes/ha),":[219],"(3.82":[222],"tonnes/ha)":[223],"net":[225],"returns":[226],"(`":[227],"243":[228],"100/ha)":[229],"check":[233],"most":[235,240],"other":[236],"remunerative.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}