{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4683308","doi":null,"title":"Effect of xylitol/chlorhexidine versus xylitol or chlorhexidine as single rinses on initial biofilm formation of cariogenic streptococci.","display_name":"Effect of xylitol/chlorhexidine versus xylitol or chlorhexidine as single rinses on initial biofilm formation of cariogenic streptococci.","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4683308","mag":"4683308","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18551212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:18551212","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18551212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985)","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113694212","display_name":"E. Decker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva-Maria Decker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany. Evi.Decker@med.uni-tuebingen.de"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany. Evi.Decker@med.uni-tuebingen.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gabriele Maier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Maier","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017467119","display_name":"Detlef Axmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Detlef Axmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112555017","display_name":"Michel Brecx","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Brecx","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002021912","display_name":"Christiane VON OHLE","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9545-7331","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9545-7331"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christiane von Ohle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91308244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"17","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10593","display_name":"Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xylitol","display_name":"xylitol","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorhexidine","display_name":"chlorhexidine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streptococcus-mutans","display_name":"Streptococcus mutans","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streptococcus-sanguinis","display_name":"Streptococcus sanguinis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cariogenic-bacteria","display_name":"cariogenic bacteria","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mouthwash","display_name":"mouthwash","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synergistic-antibacterial-activity","display_name":"synergistic antibacterial activity","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-viability","display_name":"bacterial viability","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-caries-prevention","display_name":"dental caries prevention","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776031079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212093","display_name":"Xylitol","level":3,"score":0.9698262214660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777084678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15646788","display_name":"Chlorhexidine","level":2,"score":0.8911837935447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58123911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410","display_name":"Biofilm","level":3,"score":0.7876666784286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778430296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131452","display_name":"Streptococcus mutans","level":3,"score":0.703332781791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.6105962991714478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5961599349975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156887251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2386424","display_name":"Enamel paint","level":2,"score":0.5873457193374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504460877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155925","display_name":"Saliva","level":2,"score":0.550900399684906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.5293107032775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779914569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143504","display_name":"Dental plaque","level":2,"score":0.4680449962615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.45245158672332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.4123690724372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23840662837028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1746925413608551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.11559262871742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.07998880743980408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000891","descriptor_name":"Anti-Infective Agents, Local","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000891","descriptor_name":"Anti-Infective Agents, Local","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001422","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Adhesion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002327","descriptor_name":"Cariostatic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002327","descriptor_name":"Cariostatic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002710","descriptor_name":"Chlorhexidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002710","descriptor_name":"Chlorhexidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003731","descriptor_name":"Dental Caries","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003743","descriptor_name":"Dental Enamel","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004338","descriptor_name":"Drug Combinations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004357","descriptor_name":"Drug Synergism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009067","descriptor_name":"Mouthwashes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012463","descriptor_name":"Saliva","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013295","descriptor_name":"Streptococcus mutans","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013295","descriptor_name":"Streptococcus mutans","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013298","descriptor_name":"Streptococcus sanguis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013298","descriptor_name":"Streptococcus sanguis","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014993","descriptor_name":"Xylitol","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014993","descriptor_name":"Xylitol","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015169","descriptor_name":"Colony Count, Microbial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015194","descriptor_name":"Diffusion Chambers, Culture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018441","descriptor_name":"Biofilms","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024881","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:18551212","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18551212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985)","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:4683308","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/18551212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130330770","display_name":"Quintessence International","issn_l":"0033-6572","issn":["0033-6572"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322696581","host_organization_name":"Quintessence Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322696581"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Quintessence Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quintessence International","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411297043","https://openalex.org/W2155142074","https://openalex.org/W1967504019","https://openalex.org/W2565611960","https://openalex.org/W1996648543","https://openalex.org/W2986582231","https://openalex.org/W2923839794","https://openalex.org/W2112095548","https://openalex.org/W4319869503","https://openalex.org/W2001282431"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"Oral":[1],"bacteria":[2,88],"implying":[3],"a":[4,41,106,176],"natural":[5,164],"resistance":[6,165],"may":[7,229],"deteriorate":[8],"the":[9,38,53,84,87,133,163,187,209,214,232,239],"antibacterial":[10],"efficacy":[11],"of":[12,32,40,55,60,75,114,143,149,166,173,211,224,235,241,244],"chlorhexidine":[13,51,154,228],"on":[14,52,138,181,197,202],"cariogenic":[15],"microorganisms.":[16],"Xylitol,":[17],"mostly":[18],"applied":[19],"via":[20],"chewing":[21],"gum,":[22],"is":[23,160],"known":[24],"to":[25,36,83,96,98,152,162,169,186,231],"possess":[26],"favorable":[27,233],"plaque-reducing":[28],"properties.":[29],"The":[30,111,147,171,193,218],"aim":[31],"this":[33],"study":[34],"was":[35,119],"investigate":[37],"effect":[39,180,223],"xylitol":[42,159,190,225,236],"rinse":[43],"formulated":[44],"as":[45],"pure":[46,153,188],"solution":[47],"or":[48,155,213],"combined":[49,226],"with":[50,158,227],"viability":[54],"Streptococcus":[56,64],"sanguis":[57,168,183],"(early":[58],"colonizer":[59],"human":[61,91,99],"teeth)":[62],"and":[63,116,141,191,199],"mutans":[65,151],"(the":[66],"most":[67],"causal":[68],"strain":[69],"for":[70,102,238],"caries)":[71],"during":[72],"initial":[73],"steps":[74],"biofilm":[76],"formation.":[77],"METHOD":[78],"AND":[79],"MATERIALS:":[80],"After":[81],"exposure":[82],"test":[85],"solutions,":[86],"suspended":[89,115,144],"in":[90,105,156],"sterile":[92],"saliva":[93],"were":[94,132,205],"allowed":[95],"attach":[97],"enamel":[100,139,198],"slides":[101,140],"60":[103],"minutes":[104],"preclinical":[107],"flow":[108],"chamber":[109],"system.":[110],"bacterial":[112,135,194,200],"vitality":[113],"attached":[117],"cells":[118,184],"monitored":[120],"using":[121],"2":[122],"fluorescent":[123],"DNA":[124],"stains":[125],"by":[126,208],"epifluorescence":[127],"microscopy.":[128],"Further":[129],"parameters":[130],"measured":[131],"total":[134],"cell":[136,195],"counts":[137],"growth":[142],"streptococci.":[145],"RESULTS:":[146],"sensitivity":[148],"S":[150,167,182],"combination":[157,172,210],"contrary":[161],"chlorhexidine.":[170,192],"xylitol/chlorhexidine":[174,212],"showed":[175],"statistically":[177],"significant":[178],"antivital":[179,222],"compared":[185],"agents":[189],"density":[196],"reproduction":[201],"agar":[203],"plates":[204],"similarly":[206],"affected":[207],"single":[215],"substances.":[216],"CONCLUSION:":[217],"newly":[219],"discovered":[220],"synergistic":[221],"contribute":[230],"potential":[234],"use":[237],"improvement":[240],"new":[242],"formulations":[243],"caries-preventive":[245],"mouthrinses.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}