{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4628981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000609","title":"Challenges in Determining How Child Work Affects Child Health","display_name":"Challenges in Determining How Child Work Affects Child Health","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4628981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000609","mag":"4628981","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16350331","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1497776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/003335490512000609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106099243","display_name":"Public Health Reports","issn_l":"0033-3549","issn":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Reports\u00ae","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1497776","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027097790","display_name":"Deborah Levison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-3432","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-3432"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deborah Levison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN","Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054713244","display_name":"Marta Murray\u2010Close","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2862-5761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2862-5761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Murray-Close","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027097790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9913,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88678864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"120","issue":"6","first_page":"614","last_page":"620"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11556","display_name":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","score":0.7026000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11556","display_name":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","score":0.7026000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13315","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces","score":0.04619999974966049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14168","display_name":"Occupational Health and Global Justice","score":0.04050000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-labor","display_name":"child labor","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-health","display_name":"child health","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection-bias","display_name":"selection bias","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparison-groups","display_name":"comparison groups","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-education","display_name":"parental education","score":0.9929999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6689748764038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6226038932800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6100276708602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45597895979881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992125907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1741837","display_name":"Child health","level":2,"score":0.42949455976486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38537871837615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3258581757545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2780528664588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.1500762701034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.1475728154182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002669","descriptor_name":"Child Welfare","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004651","descriptor_name":"Employment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015983","descriptor_name":"Selection Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/003335490512000609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106099243","display_name":"Public Health Reports","issn_l":"0033-3549","issn":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Reports\u00ae","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:562423","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1497776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1497776","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1497776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:16350331","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16350331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:562423","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1497776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7307999730110168},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6899999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136029837","https://openalex.org/W590070579","https://openalex.org/W620321932","https://openalex.org/W645599348","https://openalex.org/W1578774244","https://openalex.org/W1678482271","https://openalex.org/W1756265423","https://openalex.org/W1852361430","https://openalex.org/W1963871207","https://openalex.org/W2049338437","https://openalex.org/W2087737190","https://openalex.org/W2109450671","https://openalex.org/W2112203404","https://openalex.org/W2144582009","https://openalex.org/W2155539796","https://openalex.org/W2281417819","https://openalex.org/W2316148559","https://openalex.org/W2335327829","https://openalex.org/W2483828105","https://openalex.org/W2725993716","https://openalex.org/W2798076196","https://openalex.org/W2802123094","https://openalex.org/W3125074175","https://openalex.org/W4207015649","https://openalex.org/W4252832887","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485359538","https://openalex.org/W2494597585","https://openalex.org/W2502886472","https://openalex.org/W7096398687","https://openalex.org/W2172245880","https://openalex.org/W7098369107","https://openalex.org/W7055220592","https://openalex.org/W2790489483","https://openalex.org/W2905502651","https://openalex.org/W2054952800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Credible":[0],"findings":[1],"from":[2,107,119],"well-crafted":[3],"research":[4,59],"studies":[5,108,120,218],"are":[6,136,162,192],"essential":[7],"in":[8,23,90,235],"assessing":[9],"the":[10,25,70,79,84,88,100,142,165,186,198,220],"impact":[11,71],"of":[12,28,43,72,83,103,109,113,121,167,178,204,219,223],"child":[13,224],"work":[14,73,105,225,234],"on":[15,74,78,87,169],"children's":[16],"health.":[17],"Researchers,":[18],"however,":[19],"encounter":[20],"significant":[21],"challenges":[22,45],"defining":[24],"relevant":[26,170],"group":[27],"workers":[29,114,166],"for":[30],"a":[31,202],"study":[32,51,63],"and":[33,46,52,81,86,115,176],"identifying":[34],"an":[35],"appropriate":[36],"comparison":[37,53,127,229],"group.":[38],"This":[39],"article":[40],"describes":[41],"some":[42],"those":[44],"explains":[47],"how":[48],"choices":[49],"about":[50,99],"groups":[54,112],"can":[55],"lead":[56],"to":[57,138,141,158,164,188,195,212],"biased":[58],"results.":[60],"When":[61,125],"selecting":[62],"groups,":[64,128,230],"researchers":[65,129,155],"should":[66,95,116,130,156,184,226],"be":[67,139],"aware":[68],"that":[69],"health":[75,101,134,221],"may":[76],"depend":[77],"type":[80],"intensity":[82],"work,":[85],"context":[89],"which":[91,189],"it":[92],"occurs.":[93],"They":[94],"avoid":[96],"drawing":[97],"conclusions":[98],"effects":[102,222],"particular":[104],"situations":[106],"very":[110],"heterogeneous":[111],"not":[117,151],"overgeneralize":[118],"more":[122,193],"homogenous":[123],"groups.":[124],"choosing":[126],"select":[131,196],"children":[132,145,160,191,232],"whose":[133],"outcomes":[135,143],"likely":[137,194],"comparable":[140],"working":[144],"would":[146],"experience":[147],"if":[148],"they":[149,183],"did":[150],"work.":[152],"In":[153,181],"particular,":[154],"attempt":[157],"find":[159],"who":[161,233],"similar":[163],"interest":[168],"non-work":[171],"characteristics,":[172],"including":[173,231],"socioeconomic":[174],"status":[175],"levels":[177],"parental":[179],"education.":[180],"addition,":[182],"consider":[185],"extent":[187],"healthier":[190],"into":[197],"labor":[199],"force":[200],"as":[201],"result":[203],"decisions":[205],"by":[206],"parents":[207],"or":[208,210],"employers,":[209],"due":[211],"their":[213],"own":[214],"greater":[215],"fitness.":[216],"Ideally,":[217],"use":[227],"multiple":[228],"relatively":[236],"safe,":[237],"non-strenuous":[238],"occupations.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}