{"id":"https://openalex.org/W46244469","doi":null,"title":"Federation: Out-of-Order Execution using Simple In-Order Cores","display_name":"Federation: Out-of-Order Execution using Simple In-Order Cores","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W46244469","mag":"46244469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:46244469","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~skadron/Papers/federation_tr_aug07.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061578459","display_name":"David Tarjan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Tarjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia'"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia'","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael Boyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0452-2987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0452-2987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Boyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia'"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0452-2987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia'","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074818897","display_name":"Kevin Skadron Y","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8091-9302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8091-9302"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Skadron","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia'"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8091-9302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia'","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8434,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96739551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/out-of-order-execution","display_name":"out-of-order execution","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-order-cores","display_name":"in-order cores","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/many-core-architectures","display_name":"many-core architectures","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multithreading","display_name":"multithreading","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/register-reuse","display_name":"register reuse","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficient-processors","display_name":"energy-efficient processors","score":0.6539999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7889300584793091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7627876996994019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5739766955375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5736490488052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5620887279510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.5179942846298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.24142789840698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:46244469","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~skadron/Papers/federation_tr_aug07.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569032152","https://openalex.org/W1595513119","https://openalex.org/W1598283091","https://openalex.org/W1967016446","https://openalex.org/W1991010395","https://openalex.org/W2000718055","https://openalex.org/W2022740893","https://openalex.org/W2080780071","https://openalex.org/W2081071903","https://openalex.org/W2096893988","https://openalex.org/W2101181484","https://openalex.org/W2101865620","https://openalex.org/W2102727118","https://openalex.org/W2105552602","https://openalex.org/W2108157916","https://openalex.org/W2108795365","https://openalex.org/W2112841617","https://openalex.org/W2119160224","https://openalex.org/W2121082877","https://openalex.org/W2123608497","https://openalex.org/W2123801699","https://openalex.org/W2129698601","https://openalex.org/W2130618989","https://openalex.org/W2133476421","https://openalex.org/W2135742449","https://openalex.org/W2145483435","https://openalex.org/W2147943147","https://openalex.org/W2153456949","https://openalex.org/W2159449877","https://openalex.org/W2159535674","https://openalex.org/W2159617380","https://openalex.org/W2167556016","https://openalex.org/W3138244926"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6944179003","https://openalex.org/W7097366212","https://openalex.org/W2008026264","https://openalex.org/W7096397421","https://openalex.org/W2185501331","https://openalex.org/W2033785728","https://openalex.org/W7100041019","https://openalex.org/W2693215114","https://openalex.org/W2171616973","https://openalex.org/W2083535177"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Manycore":[0],"architectures":[1,48],"with":[2,17,34,57,65,145,216],"dozens,":[3],"hundreds,":[4],"or":[5],"thousands":[6],"of":[7,60,94,123,149,158,166,183,187,200,226],"threads":[8,75],"are":[9,180],"likely":[10],"to":[11,39,52,55,89,101,111,193,219,233],"use":[12,182],"single-issue,":[13],"in-order":[14],"execution":[15,196],"cores":[16,79,192],"simple":[18],"pipelines":[19],"but":[20,32,86,135],"multiple":[21],"thread":[22,35,42,69,95,214,227,230],"contexts":[23,43],"per":[24,152],"core.":[25,172],"This":[26,107],"approach":[27],"is":[28,71,100],"beneficial":[29],"for":[30,76,212],"throughput":[31],"only":[33,98],"counts":[36],"high":[37,83],"enough":[38],"keep":[40],"most":[41],"occupied.":[44],"If":[45],"these":[46],"manycore":[47],"do":[49],"not":[50],"want":[51],"be":[53,143],"limited":[54,213],"niches":[56],"embarrassing":[58],"levels":[59],"parallelism,":[61],"they":[62],"must":[63],"cope":[64],"the":[66,91,103,117,138,156,181,184,198,217,238],"case":[67],"when":[68],"count":[70,231],"limited:":[72],"too":[73,87],"many":[74],"dedicated,":[77],"high-performance":[78],"(which":[80],"come":[81],"at":[82,236],"area":[84],"cost),":[85],"few":[88,129],"exploit":[90],"huge":[92],"number":[93,186],"contexts.":[96],"The":[97,173],"solution":[99,211],"augment":[102],"simple,":[104],"scalar":[105,125,161,191],"cores.":[106,140],"paper":[108],"describes":[109],"how":[110],"create":[112],"an":[113],"out-of-order":[114,171,195],"processor":[115],"on":[116],"fly":[118],"by":[119],"\u201cfederating\u201d":[120],"each":[121,133],"pair":[122,134],"neighboring,":[124],"cores.This":[126],"adds":[127],"a":[128,159,167,206,223,234],"new":[130],"structures":[131],"between":[132],"otherwise":[136],"repurposes":[137],"existing":[139],"It":[141],"can":[142,243],"accomplished":[144],"less":[146],"than":[147],"2KB":[148],"extra":[150],"hardware":[151],"pair,":[153],"nearly":[154],"doubling":[155],"performance":[157,221],"single,":[160],"core":[162],"and":[163,197,209],"approaching":[164],"that":[165,176],"traditional,":[168],"dedicated":[169],"2-way":[170],"key":[174],"insights":[175],"make":[177],"this":[178],"possible":[179],"large":[185],"registers":[188],"in":[189],"multi-threaded":[190],"support":[194],"removal":[199],"large,":[201],"associative":[202],"structures.":[203],"Federation":[204],"provides":[205],"scalable,":[207],"energy-efficient,":[208],"area-efficient":[210],"counts,":[215,228],"ability":[218],"boost":[220],"across":[222],"wide":[224],"range":[225],"until":[229],"returns":[232],"level":[235],"which":[237],"baseline,":[239],"multithreaded,":[240],"\u201cthroughput":[241],"mode\u201d":[242],"resume.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}