{"id":"https://openalex.org/W46225516","doi":null,"title":"The Case for Music in the Schools.","display_name":"The Case for Music in the Schools.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W46225516","mag":"46225516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:46225516","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ477563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156752806","display_name":"Phi Delta Kappan","issn_l":"0031-7217","issn":["0031-7217","1940-6487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Phi Delta Kappan","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Allan Miller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allan Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068344042","display_name":"Dorita Coen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorita Coen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01037322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"6","first_page":"459","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11425","display_name":"Diverse Music Education Insights","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11425","display_name":"Diverse Music Education Insights","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12179","display_name":"Art Education and Development","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14287","display_name":"Music Education and Analysis","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/music-education","display_name":"music education","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-music-programs","display_name":"school music programs","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/music-curriculum","display_name":"music curriculum","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-funding-cuts","display_name":"school budget cuts","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumental-music","display_name":"instrumental music","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horace-mann","display_name":"Horace Mann","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetic-appreciation","display_name":"aesthetic appreciation","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizenship-education","display_name":"citizenship education","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-control","display_name":"self-control","score":0.5989999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2980749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8341","display_name":"Jazz","level":2,"score":0.7247447371482849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512170562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173799","display_name":"Entertainment","level":2,"score":0.6080502867698669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13553968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27908","display_name":"Music education","level":2,"score":0.5919347405433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5503567457199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5240095853805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.44898632168769836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.4211432933807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.4172452688217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.31350433826446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.265859991312027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.20150017738342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1718565821647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:46225516","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ477563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156752806","display_name":"Phi Delta Kappan","issn_l":"0031-7217","issn":["0031-7217","1940-6487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Phi Delta Kappan","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090096462","https://openalex.org/W2114953452","https://openalex.org/W3014313544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W122780471","https://openalex.org/W2004837071","https://openalex.org/W2060323663","https://openalex.org/W118334166","https://openalex.org/W4239831082","https://openalex.org/W2143756317","https://openalex.org/W2043185917","https://openalex.org/W2951739202","https://openalex.org/W2007465151","https://openalex.org/W1661220179"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Far":[0],"too":[1,149],"many":[2,150,355,536,631],"school":[3,103,151,233,360,372,388,573,649],"boards":[4,152,361],"and":[5,22,126,153,246,272,309,354,362,366,455,458,492,553,566,592,618],"administrators":[6,154,363,390],"deny":[7],"that":[8,109,183,223,263,283,299,401,534,546,608],"the":[9,16,29,48,72,81,90,95,98,114,117,120,158,166,173,210,221,224,247,251,277,281,291,297,304,310,322,328,340,396,408,423,438,441,444,453,460,504,509,517,524,527,538,551,568,587,601,611,614,625,634,637,648,657],"study":[10,136,159],"of":[11,15,18,89,97,100,116,122,135,160,165,168,212,226,258,280,289,306,312,330,337,357,410,443,450,537,555,571,583,590,603,610,616,636,644],"music":[12,110,131,161,181,227,341,373,376,412,429,435,462,465,501,591,617,646],"is":[13,74,78,137,200,276,344,545,576,607,620,651],"one":[14,164,278,387],"basics":[17,167],"education.":[19,169],"Mr.":[20],"Miller":[21],"Ms.":[23],"Coen":[24],"provide":[25],"compelling":[26],"arguments":[27],"to":[28,37,47,113,162,177,209,219,269,318,346,369,392,417,422,470,478,487,508,514,521,624,652],"contrary.":[30],"WHEN":[31],"Wynton":[32],"Marsalis":[33],"his":[34],"jazz":[35],"combo":[36],"our":[38,101,213,264,556,564,572],"college":[39],"campus":[40],"recently,":[41],"he":[42,45,66],"repeated":[43],"what":[44,419,535],"said":[46],"National":[49],"Commission":[50],"on":[51,196,542],"Music":[52,199,275],"Education.":[53],"Our":[76],"nation":[55],"suffers":[56],"from":[57,80,395],"a":[58,63,133,185,193,348,448,580,629],"cultural":[59,214],"problem":[60,606],"more":[61,202,268,494],"than":[62,205,495],"scientific":[64],"one,":[65],"said.":[67],"Whether":[68],"we":[69,547],"re":[70],"behind":[71],"Japanese":[73],"secondary.":[75],"culture":[77],"dying":[79],"inside.":[82],"Unfortunately,":[83],"some":[84,240],"modem":[85],"educators":[86,502],"are":[87,639],"part":[88],"problem.":[91],"They":[92,399],"have":[93,175,192,319,378,468,477,485,520],"forgotten":[94],"call":[96],"founder":[99],"American":[102,197],"system,":[104],"Horace":[105],"Mann,":[106],"who":[107,425],"believed":[108],"was":[111,143],"essential":[112],"education":[115,543],"young":[118,229],"for":[119,206,239,498,594],"development":[121,211],"aesthetic":[123],"appreciation,":[124],"citizenship,":[125],"thinking.":[127],"In":[128,386,529],"today's":[129],"schools,":[130],"as":[132,139,141,203,579],"subject":[134,298],"just":[138],"important":[140],"it":[142],"in":[144,172,339,437,459,503,512,563,567,647],"Mann's":[145],"day.":[146],"But":[147],"far":[148],"do":[155,267,404],"not":[156,621],"consider":[157,418],"be":[163,325,479,560],"Few":[170],"students":[171,295,424,436,475],"U.S.":[174,232],"access":[176],"institutional":[178],"or":[179,254],"private":[180],"instruction":[182],"involves":[184],"balanced,":[186],"sequential":[187],"curriculum.":[188,342],"And":[189],"these":[190,596],"conditions":[191],"serious":[194],"impact":[195],"culture.":[198,658],"valued":[201],"entertainment":[204],"its":[207,654],"contribution":[208],"life.[1]":[215],"America":[216],"cannot":[217],"afford":[218],"ignore":[220],"virtues":[222],"discipline":[225,353],"teaches":[228],"people.":[230],"The":[231,482,605,641],"system":[234],"has":[235,284,333,383],"been":[236,379],"under":[237,600],"attack":[238],"time":[241,442],"by":[242,406],"business":[243],"leaders,":[244],"politicians,":[245],"news":[248],"media.":[249],"Whatever":[250],"merits":[252],"--":[253,257],"lack":[255],"thereof":[256],"such":[259],"criticisms,":[260],"everyone":[261],"agrees":[262],"schools":[265],"should":[266],"cultivate":[270],"better-disciplined":[271],"harder-working":[273],"citizens.":[274],"area":[279],"curriculum":[282,638,650],"already":[285],"shown":[286],"itself":[287],"capable":[288],"doing":[290],"job.":[292],"Ask":[293],"former":[294],"about":[296,633],"best":[300],"taught":[301],"them":[302],"stick-to-itiveness,":[303],"value":[305,615],"hard":[307],"work,":[308],"importance":[311,589],"self-discipline.":[313],"From":[314],"those":[315],"lucky":[316],"enough":[317],"taken":[320],"part,":[321],"answer":[323],"will":[324],"music.":[326],"Consider":[327],"place":[329],"homework.":[331],"Homework":[332],"never":[334],"gone":[335],"out":[336,507],"style":[338],"It":[343,575],"impossible":[345],"master":[347],"band":[349],"instrument":[350],"without":[351],"considerable":[352],"hours":[356],"practice.":[358],"Informed":[359],"know":[364],"this":[365],"so":[367,405],"work":[368],"protect":[370],"their":[371],"programs.":[374],"Where":[375],"programs":[377,597],"cut,":[380],"economic":[381],"crisis":[382],"often":[384],"remained.":[385],"district,":[389],"needed":[391],"cut":[393],"$156,000":[394],"district":[397,439,483,505,518],"budget.":[398],"argued":[400],"they":[402,415],"could":[403],"cutting":[407],"positions":[409],"five":[411],"teachers.":[413],"However,":[414],"failed":[416],"would":[420,467,476,484,519],"happen":[421],"were":[426,432],"then":[427],"taking":[428],"classes.":[430],"There":[431],"2,529":[433],"instrumental":[434],"at":[440,452],"proposed":[445],"cut.":[446],"As":[447],"result":[449],"cuts":[451],"fifth-":[454],"sixth-grade":[456],"levels":[457],"secondary":[461],"program,":[463],"overall":[464],"enrollment":[466],"dropped":[469],"736":[471],"students.":[472],"Thus":[473],"1,793":[474],"placed":[480],"elsewhere.":[481],"had":[486],"add":[488],"29":[489],"new":[490],"classes":[491],"hire":[493],"six":[496],"teachers":[497],"them.":[499],"When":[500],"pointed":[506],"administration":[510,525],"that,":[511,578],"order":[513],"save":[515],"$156,000,":[516],"spend":[522],"$192,000,":[523],"reversed":[526],"Cut.[2]":[528],"1991":[530],"Lorin":[531],"Hollander":[532],"wrote":[533],"recent":[539],"national":[540],"reports":[541],"reflect":[544],"no":[548],"longer":[549],"nurture":[550],"creativity":[552,562],"humanity":[554],"children.":[557],"We":[558],"may":[559],"destroying":[561],"nurseries":[565],"primary":[569,642],"grades":[570],"systems.":[574],"ironic":[577],"growing":[581],"body":[582],"psychological":[584],"research":[585],"confirms":[586],"critical":[588],"art":[593,619],"children,":[595],"continually":[598],"come":[599],"knife":[602],"budget-cutters.":[604],"much":[609],"information":[612],"supporting":[613],"filtering":[622],"down":[623],"local":[626],"level,":[627],"where":[628],"great":[630],"decisions":[632],"content":[635],"made.[3]":[640],"purpose":[643],"including":[645],"disperse":[653],"message":[655],"throughout":[656],"\u2026":[659]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}