{"id":"https://openalex.org/W46178513","doi":null,"title":"Patterns of early hominid site use at Olduvai Gorge","display_name":"Patterns of early hominid site use at Olduvai Gorge","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W46178513","mag":"46178513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.577.3023","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.577.3023","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.urgeschichte.uni-tuebingen.de/fileadmin/downloads/GfU/2008/009-037_GFU_Mitteilung17.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076780982","display_name":"Charles P. Egeland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2731-8276","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2731-8276"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles P. Egeland","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076780982"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.2153,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97675841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13256","display_name":"Archaeology and Rock Art Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olduvai-gorge","display_name":"Olduvai Gorge","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-hominins","display_name":"early hominins","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taphonomy","display_name":"taphonomy","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faunal-assemblages","display_name":"faunal assemblages","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithic-artifacts","display_name":"lithic artifacts","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition-biology","display_name":"competition (biology)","score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plio-pleistocene-hominids","display_name":"Plio-Pleistocene hominids","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mary-leakey","display_name":"Mary Leakey","score":0.6700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775915184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217043","display_name":"Olduvai Gorge","level":2,"score":0.9904407858848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10277891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596086","display_name":"Taphonomy","level":2,"score":0.7982004880905151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156005406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2787508","display_name":"Subsistence agriculture","level":3,"score":0.5491958260536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.5480256080627441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5330266952514648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776402521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205008","display_name":"Plio-Pleistocene","level":3,"score":0.4855310916900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125471540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104021","display_name":"Fauna","level":2,"score":0.46966636180877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777775986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444693","display_name":"Early Pleistocene","level":3,"score":0.4525633454322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.4310012757778168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53570757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25546","display_name":"Pleistocene","level":2,"score":0.4296770691871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.41178151965141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1812012493610382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17257347702980042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.577.3023","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.577.3023","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.urgeschichte.uni-tuebingen.de/fileadmin/downloads/GfU/2008/009-037_GFU_Mitteilung17.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":124,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15986390","https://openalex.org/W55275621","https://openalex.org/W57963676","https://openalex.org/W97015700","https://openalex.org/W116595297","https://openalex.org/W128685732","https://openalex.org/W181790105","https://openalex.org/W589370796","https://openalex.org/W625639184","https://openalex.org/W971990196","https://openalex.org/W1489969380","https://openalex.org/W1506563268","https://openalex.org/W1542818016","https://openalex.org/W1591355705","https://openalex.org/W1593658962","https://openalex.org/W1603350052","https://openalex.org/W1606802182","https://openalex.org/W1963544561","https://openalex.org/W1966709707","https://openalex.org/W1968568170","https://openalex.org/W1968907397","https://openalex.org/W1970239089","https://openalex.org/W1972195477","https://openalex.org/W1972609984","https://openalex.org/W1972951110","https://openalex.org/W1973039393","https://openalex.org/W1974359478","https://openalex.org/W1976994465","https://openalex.org/W1977913745","https://openalex.org/W1981801535","https://openalex.org/W1982678721","https://openalex.org/W1982796922","https://openalex.org/W1984252556","https://openalex.org/W1986911020","https://openalex.org/W1992565219","https://openalex.org/W1993440581","https://openalex.org/W1994811394","https://openalex.org/W1994945849","https://openalex.org/W1997415178","https://openalex.org/W1999044856","https://openalex.org/W1999085405","https://openalex.org/W1999461326","https://openalex.org/W2000220656","https://openalex.org/W2001285534","https://openalex.org/W2002379927","https://openalex.org/W2003235739","https://openalex.org/W2003680781","https://openalex.org/W2004071931","https://openalex.org/W2007496368","https://openalex.org/W2011133497","https://openalex.org/W2011154398","https://openalex.org/W2012128186","https://openalex.org/W2012824453","https://openalex.org/W2015511522","https://openalex.org/W2019694796","https://openalex.org/W2020359689","https://openalex.org/W2020562912","https://openalex.org/W2020750405","https://openalex.org/W2021463803","https://openalex.org/W2031902324","https://openalex.org/W2032972472","https://openalex.org/W2033634944","https://openalex.org/W2036346711","https://openalex.org/W2044844121","https://openalex.org/W2046667239","https://openalex.org/W2047105160","https://openalex.org/W2047868647","https://openalex.org/W2048274482","https://openalex.org/W2048736764","https://openalex.org/W2050416604","https://openalex.org/W2051129646","https://openalex.org/W2053601983","https://openalex.org/W2055830713","https://openalex.org/W2058770509","https://openalex.org/W2059657719","https://openalex.org/W2061489072","https://openalex.org/W2061619975","https://openalex.org/W2061781458","https://openalex.org/W2064242117","https://openalex.org/W2064384047","https://openalex.org/W2071459734","https://openalex.org/W2075365430","https://openalex.org/W2077826379","https://openalex.org/W2080665292","https://openalex.org/W2082179563","https://openalex.org/W2084800608","https://openalex.org/W2086066587","https://openalex.org/W2087287832","https://openalex.org/W2088277595","https://openalex.org/W2091010531","https://openalex.org/W2093931320","https://openalex.org/W2098127842","https://openalex.org/W2100133069","https://openalex.org/W2104852470","https://openalex.org/W2107665483","https://openalex.org/W2109255596","https://openalex.org/W2109439614","https://openalex.org/W2110901690","https://openalex.org/W2113818851","https://openalex.org/W2113875545","https://openalex.org/W2124867120","https://openalex.org/W2130281300","https://openalex.org/W2132981758","https://openalex.org/W2137842781","https://openalex.org/W2143383571","https://openalex.org/W2146476358","https://openalex.org/W2152828911","https://openalex.org/W2153329330","https://openalex.org/W2161915277","https://openalex.org/W2172550352","https://openalex.org/W2174648755","https://openalex.org/W2188664471","https://openalex.org/W2223572318","https://openalex.org/W2231393668","https://openalex.org/W2238005310","https://openalex.org/W2321937847","https://openalex.org/W2471997839","https://openalex.org/W2486990641","https://openalex.org/W2568216163","https://openalex.org/W2585227332","https://openalex.org/W2590482011","https://openalex.org/W2992202930","https://openalex.org/W3049151984","https://openalex.org/W3082696771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091010531","https://openalex.org/W1999757051","https://openalex.org/W2041826637","https://openalex.org/W1542818016","https://openalex.org/W2041046582","https://openalex.org/W2113875545","https://openalex.org/W4385958436","https://openalex.org/W4399224416","https://openalex.org/W4412005128","https://openalex.org/W2611843117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract:":[0],"Olduvai":[1,98,159],"Gorge,":[2],"Tanzania,":[3],"preserves":[4],"an":[5],"almost":[6],"unprecedented":[7],"record":[8],"of":[9,42,48,85,96,103,112,149],"early":[10],"hominid":[11,26,86,104],"bio-behavioral":[12],"evolution.":[13],"As":[14],"such,":[15],"it":[16],"provides":[17],"a":[18],"unique":[19],"opportunity":[20],"to":[21],"document":[22],"spatio-temporal":[23],"variability":[24,150],"in":[25,39,106,122,136,151,157],"behavior.":[27],"New":[28],"taphonomic":[29],"data":[30],"reveal":[31],"that":[32,116,145],"hominids":[33,117,156],"played":[34],"little":[35],"or":[36],"no":[37],"role":[38],"the":[40,43,49,62,83,97,107,158],"formation":[41],"faunal":[44],"assemblages":[45],"from":[46,55,64,70,75],"many":[47],"sites":[50],"excavated":[51],"by":[52,154],"Mary":[53],"Leakey":[54],"Beds":[56],"I":[57,72,128],"and":[58,73,100],"II.":[59],"In":[60],"fact,":[61],"faunas":[63],"only":[65],"two":[66],"sites,":[67],"FLK":[68],"22":[69],"Bed":[71,76,127,140],"BK":[74],"II,":[77],"can":[78],"be":[79],"considered":[80],"as":[81],"largely":[82],"result":[84],"subsistence":[87,105],"activities.":[88],"This":[89],"finding":[90],"has":[91],"important":[92],"implications":[93],"for":[94,101],"interpretations":[95],"lithics":[99],"patterns":[102],"paleo-Olduvai":[108],"basin.":[109,160],"Taphonomic":[110],"proxies":[111],"competition":[113,124,132],"also":[114],"suggest":[115],"concentrated":[118],"their":[119],"stone-tool-using":[120],"activities":[121],"lower":[123],"settings":[125,133],"during":[126,139],"times,":[129],"while":[130],"higher":[131],"were":[134],"exploited":[135],"greater":[137],"frequency":[138],"II":[141],"times.":[142],"The":[143],"pattern":[144],"emerges":[146],"is":[147],"one":[148],"site":[152],"use":[153],"Plio-Pleistocene":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00"}