{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4591099","doi":null,"title":"Full quantum theory of an optimally pumped three-level laser","display_name":"Full quantum theory of an optimally pumped three-level laser","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4591099","mag":"4591099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:4591099","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6867991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S950076683","display_name":"Acta Physica Sinica","issn_l":"1000-3290","issn":["1000-3290"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319982","host_organization_name":"Science Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319982"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Science Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Acta Physica Sinica","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102087443","display_name":"Guo Guang-Can","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guo Guang-can","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102087443"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00022649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"10","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12760","display_name":"Laser Design and Applications","score":0.012500000186264515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10566","display_name":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-level-laser","display_name":"three-level laser","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optically-pumped-lasers","display_name":"optically pumped lasers","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/van-der-pol-equation","display_name":"van der Pol equation","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incoherent-pumping","display_name":"incoherent pumping","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-gain","display_name":"laser gain","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-photon-processes","display_name":"two-photon processes","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-stage-process","display_name":"two-stage process","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-stark-effect","display_name":"dynamic Stark effect","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-linewidth","display_name":"laser linewidth","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-noise","display_name":"thermal noise","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vacuum-fluctuations","display_name":"vacuum fluctuations","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spontaneous-emission","display_name":"spontaneous emission","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spontaneous-raman-scattering","display_name":"spontaneous Raman scattering","score":0.9359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142181693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6493080","display_name":"Laser linewidth","level":3,"score":0.8158206939697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7631912231445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.7601123452186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777057244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389871","display_name":"Quantum master equation","level":4,"score":0.5209290385246277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48553726077079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43071845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757626","display_name":"Atom laser","level":3,"score":0.4846780598163605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4431520700454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.44311511516571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777577648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584537","display_name":"Langevin equation","level":2,"score":0.42341727018356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128805008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722878","display_name":"Master equation","level":3,"score":0.40828460454940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3966664671897888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.35024839639663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:4591099","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6867991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S950076683","display_name":"Acta Physica Sinica","issn_l":"1000-3290","issn":["1000-3290"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319982","host_organization_name":"Science Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319982"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Science Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Acta Physica Sinica","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364230375","https://openalex.org/W2738385096","https://openalex.org/W2353263125","https://openalex.org/W1591016761","https://openalex.org/W2082770468","https://openalex.org/W1995982808","https://openalex.org/W1996461475","https://openalex.org/W4405380299","https://openalex.org/W1994424394","https://openalex.org/W4400151303"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,113],"Langevin":[1],"quantum":[2],"theory":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"used":[6],"to":[7],"treat":[8],"the":[9,33,37,65,69,74,81,98,107,120,123,126,130,134],"optically":[10],"pumped":[11],"three-level":[12],"laser":[13,22,38,82,114,131],"system.":[14],"We":[15],"derive":[16],"an":[17,62],"equation":[18,31,70],"of":[19,27,36],"motion":[20],"for":[21],"field":[23,39],"in":[24],"a":[25,90,94,104],"type":[26],"Van":[28],"der":[29],"Pol":[30],"when":[32],"photon":[34],"number":[35],"is":[40,67,101,116],"not":[41,46],"too":[42],"high.":[43],"It":[44],"includes":[45],"only":[47],"both":[48,55],"incoherent":[49],"and":[50,57,93,133],"coherent":[51],"pumping,":[52],"but":[53],"also":[54],"strong":[56],"weak":[58],"optical":[59],"pumping.":[60],"If":[61],"average":[63],"over":[64],"reservoir":[66],"taken,":[68],"will":[71,111],"give":[72],"all":[73],"semi-classical":[75],"results.":[76],"Our":[77],"results":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80],"gain":[83],"comes":[84],"from":[85],"two":[86],"basic":[87],"processes,":[88],"i.e.,":[89],"two-photon":[91],"process":[92],"two-step":[95],"process.":[96],"When":[97],"pumping":[99],"strength":[100],"larger":[102],"than":[103],"certain":[105],"value,":[106],"dynamic":[108],"Stark":[109],"effect":[110],"appear.":[112],"linewidth":[115],"mainly":[117],"contributed":[118],"by":[119],"thermal":[121],"noise,":[122],"vacuum":[124],"fluctuation,":[125],"spontaneous":[127,135],"emissions":[128],"between":[129],"levels":[132],"Raman":[136],"scattering.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
