{"id":"https://openalex.org/W45225807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005382-199807000-00001","title":"State of the Art","display_name":"State of the Art","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W45225807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005382-199807000-00001","mag":"45225807","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9671417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005382-199807000-00001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005382-199807000-00001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005382-199807000-00001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153527428","display_name":"Journal of Thoracic Imaging","issn_l":"0883-5993","issn":["0883-5993","1536-0237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thoracic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010788331","display_name":"Loren H. Ketai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-8667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-8667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801852214","display_name":"University of Washington Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00wbzw723","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255059","display_name":"University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02jvjmd55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973","https://openalex.org/I4405255059"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loren H. Ketai","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center (L.H.K.), Albuquerque, New Mexico, and the Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center (J.D.G.), Seattle, Washington, U.S.A","Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque 87131-5336, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center (L.H.K.), Albuquerque, New Mexico, and the Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center (J.D.G.), Seattle, Washington, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214","https://openalex.org/I4405255059"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque 87131-5336, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973","https://openalex.org/I4405255059"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111817360","display_name":"J. David Godwin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801852214","display_name":"University of Washington Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00wbzw723","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255059","display_name":"University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02jvjmd55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973","https://openalex.org/I4405255059"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. David Godwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center (L.H.K.), Albuquerque, New Mexico, and the Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center (J.D.G.), Seattle, Washington, U.S.A","University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center (L.H.K.), Albuquerque, New Mexico, and the Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center (J.D.G.), Seattle, Washington, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214","https://openalex.org/I4405255059"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90249854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"147","last_page":"171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11356","display_name":"Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10870","display_name":"Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-edema","display_name":"pulmonary edema","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome","display_name":"acute respiratory distress syndrome","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-2","display_name":"interleukin-2","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capillary-leak","display_name":"capillary leak syndrome","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capillary-endothelium","display_name":"capillary endothelium","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alveolar-epithelium","display_name":"alveolar epithelium","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interstitial-edema","display_name":"interstitial edema","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-space-consolidation","display_name":"air-space consolidation","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoxia","display_name":"hypoxia","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiologic-manifestations","display_name":"radiological manifestations","score":0.6790000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8148093223571777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780886150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234","display_name":"Edema","level":2,"score":0.8107414245605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776468924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857667","display_name":"Pulmonary edema","level":3,"score":0.6924659013748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9418649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275407","display_name":"Diffuse alveolar damage","level":4,"score":0.5653817057609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.5483702421188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909420118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191341","display_name":"Alveolar Epithelium","level":3,"score":0.5051553845405579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.49518242478370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776992346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111140","display_name":"Endothelium","level":2,"score":0.4935113191604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141983124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188008","display_name":"Respiratory distress","level":2,"score":0.4857931137084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910081258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177807","display_name":"Hydrostatic pressure","level":2,"score":0.4361785054206848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113045295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7916465","display_name":"Vascular permeability","level":2,"score":0.4314459264278412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7836513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641506","display_name":"Hypoxia (environmental)","level":3,"score":0.4168583154678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.2663291096687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529295009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41301","display_name":"Epithelium","level":2,"score":0.23443114757537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1954752802848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909621147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344873","display_name":"Acute respiratory distress","level":3,"score":0.18691876530647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000208","descriptor_name":"Acute Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011654","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Edema","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011654","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Edema","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011654","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Edema","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012128","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Distress Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012128","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Distress Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012128","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Distress Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005382-199807000-00001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005382-199807000-00001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005382-199807000-00001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153527428","display_name":"Journal of Thoracic Imaging","issn_l":"0883-5993","issn":["0883-5993","1536-0237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thoracic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9671417","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9671417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of thoracic imaging","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2259456652","https://openalex.org/W2093299365","https://openalex.org/W2417197476","https://openalex.org/W2096569449","https://openalex.org/W345139952","https://openalex.org/W102698960","https://openalex.org/W2779487985","https://openalex.org/W2054583729","https://openalex.org/W202712638","https://openalex.org/W2220418756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,110,188],"old":[1],"division":[2],"of":[3,56,68,82,95,152,193,212,227],"lung":[4,96,113,153],"edema":[5,57,114,154,169,177],"into":[6],"two":[7],"categories--cardiogenic":[8],"(hydrostatic)":[9],"and":[10,66,76,92,125,145,181,185,201,209,240],"noncardiogenic":[11],"(increased":[12],"permeability)--is":[13],"no":[14],"longer":[15],"adequate.":[16],"For":[17],"instance,":[18],"it":[19,40],"fails":[20,41],"to":[21,42,63,84,119],"distinguish":[22],"between":[23],"the":[24,45,60,64,73,77,89,120,191,194,198,202,207,217,222],"capillary":[25,46,74,199],"leak":[26,47],"caused":[27,35,170],"by":[28,36,136,171,197],"acute":[29,129,164],"respiratory":[30,130,165],"distress":[31,131,166],"syndrome":[32,167],"from":[33],"that":[34,49,115],"interleukin-2":[37,99],"treatment.":[38],"Further,":[39],"account":[43,87],"for":[44,88],"('stress-failure')":[48],"may":[50],"accompany":[51],"edema.":[52,69,97,187,213],"A":[53],"modern":[54],"view":[55],"must":[58],"recognize":[59],"natural":[61],"barriers":[62,71,195],"formation":[65],"spread":[67],"These":[70],"are":[72,225],"endothelium":[75,200],"alveolar":[78,107,138,173,179,203,218],"epithelium.":[79],"Varying":[80],"degrees":[81],"damage":[83],"them":[85],"can":[86],"varying":[90],"radiographic":[91,210,223,233],"clinical":[93,208,238],"manifestations":[94,211,224],"Thus,":[98,148],"administration":[100],"causes":[101,140],"increased":[102],"endothelial":[103],"permeability":[104,176,186],"without":[105,178],"causing":[106,122],"epithelial":[108],"damage.":[109],"result":[111],"is":[112,116,134,220],"largely":[117],"confined":[118],"interstitium,":[121],"little":[123],"hypoxia":[124],"clearing":[126],"rapidly.":[127],"However,":[128],"syndrome,":[132],"which":[133],"characterized":[135],"extensive":[137],"damage,":[139],"air-space":[141],"consolidation,":[142],"severe":[143],"hypoxia,":[144],"slow":[146],"resolution.":[147,242],"a":[149,236],"reasonable":[150],"classification":[151],"requires":[155],"at":[156],"least":[157],"four":[158],"categories:":[159],"1)":[160],"hydrostatic":[161,184],"edema;":[162,231],"2)":[163],"(permeability":[168],"diffuse":[172],"damage);":[174],"3)":[175],"damage;":[180],"(4)":[182],"mixed":[183],"authors":[189],"emphasize":[190],"importance":[192],"provided":[196],"epithelium":[204,219],"in":[205],"determining":[206],"In":[214],"general,":[215],"when":[216],"intact,":[221],"those":[226],"interstitial":[228],"(not":[229],"air-space)":[230],"this":[232],"pattern":[234],"predicts":[235],"mild":[237],"course":[239],"prompt":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}