{"id":"https://openalex.org/W44403133","doi":null,"title":"Height and its relationship to refraction and biometry parameters in Singapore Chinese children.","display_name":"Height and its relationship to refraction and biometry parameters in Singapore Chinese children.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W44403133","mag":"44403133","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11980854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11980854","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11980854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064124202","display_name":"Seang\u2010Mei Saw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7166-796X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7166-796X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seang-Mei Saw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore. cofsawsm@nus.edu.sg","Department of Community Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore. cofsawsm@nus.edu.sg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102704525","display_name":"Wei\u2010Han Chua","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Han Chua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Eye Research Institute, Republic of Singapore; the"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Republic of Singapore; the","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111815271","display_name":"Ching-Ye Hong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Ye Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore; the"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore; the","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hui-Min Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325159990","display_name":"Ministry of Defence","ror":"https://ror.org/05m38qe70","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325159990"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui-Min Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Medical Research Institute, Republic of Singapore; the"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Medical Research Institute, Republic of Singapore; the","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325159990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108795339","display_name":"Kee\u2010Seng Chia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0629-5570","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0629-5570"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kee-Seng Chia","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore; the"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore; the","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050218447","display_name":"Richard A. Stone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9833-4425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9833-4425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard A Stone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026163161","display_name":"Donald T.H. Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5763-1297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5763-1297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Eye Research Institute, Republic of Singapore; the"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Republic of Singapore; the","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7103,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":195,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96436212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"5","first_page":"1408","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13091","display_name":"Human Health and Disease","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/height","display_name":"height","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-error","display_name":"refractive error","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myopia","display_name":"myopia","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperopia","display_name":"hyperopia","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axial-length","display_name":"axial length","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitreous-chamber-depth","display_name":"vitreous chamber depth","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corneal-curvature","display_name":"corneal curvature","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-obesity","display_name":"childhood obesity","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-biometry","display_name":"ocular biometry","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-development","display_name":"refractive development","score":0.7749999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777381306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147596","display_name":"Cycloplegia","level":4,"score":0.8403329849243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68443243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2786686","display_name":"Quartile","level":3,"score":0.7634997367858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781135284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470427","display_name":"Refractive error","level":3,"score":0.6550154089927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6656244","display_name":"Anthropometry","level":2,"score":0.5838446617126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.5681715607643127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.5256794095039368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.48056748509407043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.46229618787765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781264644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16885473","display_name":"Vitreous chamber","level":4,"score":0.41636693477630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776148792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3041498","display_name":"Eye disease","level":2,"score":0.17493492364883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.08304908871650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001827","descriptor_name":"Body Height","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001835","descriptor_name":"Body Weight","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005123","descriptor_name":"Eye","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006956","descriptor_name":"Hyperopia","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006956","descriptor_name":"Hyperopia","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009216","descriptor_name":"Myopia","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009216","descriptor_name":"Myopia","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012029","descriptor_name":"Refraction, Ocular","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012846","descriptor_name":"Singapore","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11980854","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11980854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/113498","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/113498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:44403133","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11980854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17507337","https://openalex.org/W103740680","https://openalex.org/W1201749067","https://openalex.org/W1945768149","https://openalex.org/W1977194907","https://openalex.org/W1995086395","https://openalex.org/W2013751241","https://openalex.org/W2016114180","https://openalex.org/W2018358906","https://openalex.org/W2060387228","https://openalex.org/W2078193450","https://openalex.org/W2135987452","https://openalex.org/W2221875974","https://openalex.org/W2418328270"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944355657","https://openalex.org/W103740680","https://openalex.org/W3082708634","https://openalex.org/W2050221253","https://openalex.org/W4384790422","https://openalex.org/W4392499637","https://openalex.org/W2064363625","https://openalex.org/W4252424710","https://openalex.org/W1952471430","https://openalex.org/W4286269600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"To":[1],"examine":[2],"the":[3,6,92,97,106,112,119,126,300],"association":[4,223],"between":[5,299],"anthropometric":[7],"measurements":[8],"of":[9,31,129,169,319],"height,":[10],"weight,":[11],"body":[12],"mass":[13],"index":[14],"(BMI)":[15],"and":[16,18,45,53,59,78,104,147,165,174,186,211,241,260,289,303],"refraction":[17,136],"other":[19],"ocular":[20],"parameters":[21],"in":[22,67,96,109,111,179,183,226,230,270,291,307],"Singapore":[23,42,246,308],"Chinese":[24,33,247],"children.":[25],"METHODS:":[26],"In":[27,89,266],"a":[28,101,278,304,312,316],"cross-sectional":[29],"study":[30],"1449":[32],"schoolchildren,":[34],"aged":[35],"7":[36],"to":[37,50,282],"9":[38],"years,":[39],"from":[40],"three":[41],"schools,":[43],"height":[44,95,170],"weight":[46,219,242],"were":[47,63,82,177,193,273,286],"measured":[48,83],"according":[49],"standard":[51],"protocol,":[52],"BMI":[54,280],"was":[55,115,214,220,224],"calculated.":[56],"Refractive":[57],"error":[58,173],"corneal":[60,127],"curvature":[61,130,150],"measures":[62],"determined":[64],"by":[65,139],"autorefraction":[66],"eyes":[68,250,269,290],"under":[69],"cycloplegia.":[70],"Axial":[71],"length,":[72],"vitreous":[73,120,256,296],"chamber":[74,80,121],"depth,":[75],"lens":[76],"thickness,":[77],"anterior":[79],"depth":[81,122],"using":[84],"A-scan":[85],"biometry":[86],"ultrasonography.":[87],"RESULTS:":[88],"comparison":[90],"with":[91,94,171,251],"children":[93,110,189,248,271,293],"first":[98],"quartile":[99,114],"for":[100,158,205,217,234],"given":[102],"age":[103],"gender,":[105,160,207,236],"eyeball":[107],"length":[108],"fourth":[113],"0.46":[116,123],"mm":[117,124,132],"longer,":[118],"deeper,":[125],"radius":[128,151],"0.10":[131],"greater":[133],"(i.e.,":[134],"flatter),":[135],"more":[137,187,194,287],"negative":[138],"0.47":[140],"D":[141,143],"(-0.76":[142],"versus":[144],"-0.29":[145],"D),":[146],"axial":[148,253],"length-to-corneal":[149],"(AL-CR)":[152],"ratio":[153,176],"higher,":[154],"after":[155,202],"analyses":[156,203],"controlling":[157,204],"age,":[159,206,235],"parental":[161,208,237],"myopia,":[162,209,238],"reading,":[163,210,239],"school,":[164,240],"weight.":[166],"The":[167],"associations":[168],"refractive":[172,328],"AL-CR":[175],"significant":[178],"girls":[180],"but":[181,228],"not":[182,229],"boys.":[184],"Heavier":[185],"obese":[188],"had":[190,249,277,294],"refractions":[191,261,284],"that":[192,244,262,285],"hyperopic":[195],"(P":[196],"=":[197,200],"0.01,":[198],"P":[199],"0.08),":[201],"school":[212],"(height":[213],"also":[215],"controlled":[216],"if":[218],"evaluated).":[221],"This":[222],"present":[225,301],"boys":[227],"girls.":[231],"CONCLUSIONS:":[232],"Controlling":[233],"showed":[243],"taller":[245],"longer":[252],"lengths,":[254],"deeper":[255],"chambers,":[257],"flatter":[258],"corneas,":[259],"tended":[263,281],"toward":[264],"myopia.":[265],"multivariate":[267],"analysis,":[268],"who":[272,276],"heavier":[274,292],"or":[275,315,322],"higher":[279],"have":[283],"hyperopic,":[288],"shorter":[295],"chambers.":[297],"Differences":[298],"results":[302],"recent":[305],"report":[306],"adults":[309],"suggest":[310],"either":[311],"cohort":[313],"effect":[314],"potential":[317],"influence":[318],"systemic":[320],"endocrine":[321],"metabolic":[323],"factors":[324],"during":[325],"childhood":[326],"on":[327],"development.":[329]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}