{"id":"https://openalex.org/W44253146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2334910","title":"Illicit Financial Flows and the Problem of Net Resource Transfers from Africa: 1980-2009","display_name":"Illicit Financial Flows and the Problem of Net Resource Transfers from Africa: 1980-2009","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W44253146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2334910","mag":"44253146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2334910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2334910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2334910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2334910","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062946874","display_name":"Dev Kar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310145890","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/05m4rmw09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dev Kar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Financial Integrity, 1319 18th St NW, Washington, DC 20036, United States","International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, United States","Global Financial Integrity","International Monetary Fund"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Financial Integrity, 1319 18th St NW, Washington, DC 20036, United States","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Financial Integrity","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062946874"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.5234000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.5234000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.21089999377727509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11257","display_name":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","score":0.09749999642372131,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illicit-financial-flows","display_name":"illicit financial flows","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-flight","display_name":"capital flight","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/africa","display_name":"Africa","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance-of-payments","display_name":"balance of payments","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corruption","display_name":"corruption","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-evasion","display_name":"tax evasion","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-controls","display_name":"capital controls","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-outflows","display_name":"capital outflows","score":0.48100000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109948328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140845","display_name":"Balance of payments","level":2,"score":0.6370464563369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.5680868625640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32768728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1728567","display_name":"Capital account","level":2,"score":0.46469423174858093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991741723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8137","display_name":"Capital flows","level":3,"score":0.4544059634208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43861329555511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44750222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897397","display_name":"Financial capital","level":3,"score":0.4305438697338104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777657794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3656849","display_name":"Capital flight","level":3,"score":0.4190976023674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.4110099673271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4097920060157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.38897204399108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.35605716705322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.16348105669021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15054786205291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2334910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2334910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2334910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2334910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2334910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2334910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W638576512","https://openalex.org/W1479679374","https://openalex.org/W1483790956","https://openalex.org/W1495130122","https://openalex.org/W1519805700","https://openalex.org/W1531449386","https://openalex.org/W1552104865","https://openalex.org/W1555223345","https://openalex.org/W1557468133","https://openalex.org/W1944762518","https://openalex.org/W1973492190","https://openalex.org/W1984210344","https://openalex.org/W1985351124","https://openalex.org/W2042914145","https://openalex.org/W2079779917","https://openalex.org/W2095165745","https://openalex.org/W2095409726","https://openalex.org/W2101983614","https://openalex.org/W2103677196","https://openalex.org/W2109024756","https://openalex.org/W2134177319","https://openalex.org/W2148374134","https://openalex.org/W2149194065","https://openalex.org/W2163442594","https://openalex.org/W2214467686","https://openalex.org/W2318628730","https://openalex.org/W2340160826","https://openalex.org/W2398535859","https://openalex.org/W2953495055","https://openalex.org/W3057516271","https://openalex.org/W3121647457","https://openalex.org/W3122501578","https://openalex.org/W3123317423","https://openalex.org/W3124179975","https://openalex.org/W3125129720","https://openalex.org/W3125741132","https://openalex.org/W4213190000","https://openalex.org/W4241562708","https://openalex.org/W4251964529","https://openalex.org/W4256108917","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4313013452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2528168278","https://openalex.org/W7098658905","https://openalex.org/W4387386727","https://openalex.org/W3011892738","https://openalex.org/W2967409513","https://openalex.org/W6903680839","https://openalex.org/W7007839530","https://openalex.org/W4415960597","https://openalex.org/W6885111526","https://openalex.org/W7057294197"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}