{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417536883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol34iss4pp13-22","title":"Liquiritin Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Male Rats Irrespective of Antihyperglycemic Effect","display_name":"Liquiritin Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Male Rats Irrespective of Antihyperglycemic Effect","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417536883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol34iss4pp13-22"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31351/vol34iss4pp13-22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol34iss4pp13-22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol34iss4pp13-22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764399167","display_name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","issn_l":"1683-3597","issn":["1683-3597","2521-3512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol34iss4pp13-22","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Raad Saad Luty","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raad Saad Luty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Adeeb Ahmed Al-Zubaidy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021143","display_name":"University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ase0085","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392021143"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adeeb Ahmed Al-Zubaidy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392021143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Arif Sami Malik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arif Sami Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["3Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":250000,"currency":"IQD","value_usd":null},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.62,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75153997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"13","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.7900000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.7900000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12817","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds","score":0.13950000703334808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11140","display_name":"Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies","score":0.0494999997317791,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquiritin","display_name":"liquiritin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-nephropathy","display_name":"diabetic nephropathy","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/licorice","display_name":"licorice","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streptozotocin-induced-diabetes","display_name":"streptozotocin-induced diabetes","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-fat-diet","display_name":"high-fat diet","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kidney-histopathology","display_name":"kidney histopathology","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammatory-markers","display_name":"inflammatory markers","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavonoids","display_name":"flavonoids","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-protection","display_name":"renal protection","score":0.4129999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779922275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129105","display_name":"Diabetic nephropathy","level":3,"score":0.7304999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777538456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311213","display_name":"Glycated hemoglobin","level":4,"score":0.5782999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5688999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779280383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257331","display_name":"Streptozotocin","level":3,"score":0.5573999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159641895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108377937","display_name":"Renal function","level":2,"score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781184683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Nephropathy","level":3,"score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778401633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418661","display_name":"Malondialdehyde","level":3,"score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780159080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400536","display_name":"Intraperitoneal injection","level":2,"score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133397671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3347171","display_name":"Renal pathology","level":3,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778760513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24773045","display_name":"Glutathione peroxidase","level":4,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778270857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2723972","display_name":"Lipid profile","level":3,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780536827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3242316","display_name":"Liquiritin","level":3,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125473707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9914","display_name":"H&E stain","level":3,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780306776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426660","display_name":"Creatinine","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776332754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418705","display_name":"Glycyrrhizin","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911120302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257331","display_name":"Streptozocin","level":4,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544855455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070952","display_name":"Histopathology","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780485761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275157","display_name":"Blood sugar","level":3,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778176769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764079","display_name":"Blood urea nitrogen","level":3,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779561371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570197","display_name":"Proteinuria","level":3,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503630168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178069","display_name":"Necrosis","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779881121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105522","display_name":"Uric acid","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31351/vol34iss4pp13-22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol34iss4pp13-22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol34iss4pp13-22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764399167","display_name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","issn_l":"1683-3597","issn":["1683-3597","2521-3512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6fdc084ec0fc40499c7f0b6df1c554eb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6fdc084ec0fc40499c7f0b6df1c554eb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 34, Iss 4 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31351/vol34iss4pp13-22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol34iss4pp13-22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol34iss4pp13-22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764399167","display_name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","issn_l":"1683-3597","issn":["1683-3597","2521-3512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"nephropathy":[1,69],"represents":[2],"one":[3,23],"of":[4,10,18,24,52,65,120,131,140,163,204,297],"the":[5,25,43,62,84,87,96,99,108,138,141,192,196,202,210,235,250,266,274,281,298],"common":[6],"and":[7,13,50,74,113,165,179,186,195,206,239,243,277,291,301,303],"serious":[8],"complications":[9],"diabetes":[11,78,90],"mellitus":[12,79],"it\u2019s":[14],"a":[15,116,129,221,231,271],"leading":[16],"cause":[17],"renal":[19,155,158,193,222,240,282],"failure.":[20],"Liquiritin":[21,124,284],"is":[22],"main":[26],"flavonoids":[27],"found":[28],"in":[29,55,70,80,191,213,234,273,280],"Glycyrrhiza":[30],"glabra":[31],"that":[32,107,257],"has":[33,285],"been":[34],"shown":[35],"to":[36,220],"have":[37],"several":[38],"pharmacological":[39],"effects,":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42],"antioxidant,":[44],"anti-inflammatory,":[45],"anti-tumor,":[46],"cardiovascular":[47],"protection,":[48],"hepatoprotection,":[49],"attenuation":[51],"rheumatoid":[53],"arthritis":[54],"experimental":[56,142],"animals.":[57],"The":[58,226,254],"present":[59,85],"study":[60],"investigated":[61],"protective":[63],"effect":[64,288],"liquiritin":[66,258],"against":[67,289],"diabetic":[68,227],"high":[71,100],"fat":[72,101],"diet":[73,102],"streptozotocin":[75],"(STZ)":[76],"induced":[77,93],"male":[81],"rats.":[82],"In":[83],"study,":[86],"type":[88],"2":[89],"model":[91],"was":[92,125,199],"by":[94,201],"feeding":[95],"animals":[97,109],"with":[98,115,249,270],"for":[103,134],"four":[104],"weeks,":[105],"after":[106],"were":[110,160,189,216],"fasted":[111],"overnight":[112],"injected":[114],"single":[117],"intraperitoneal":[118],"dose":[119,130],"STZ":[121],"30":[122],"mg/kg.":[123],"administered":[126],"daily":[127],"at":[128],"40":[132],"mg/kg":[133],"15":[135],"weeks.":[136],"At":[137],"end":[139],"period,":[143],"blood":[144],"glucose":[145],"level,":[146],"glycated":[147],"hemoglobin":[148],"A1":[149],"(HbA1c),":[150],"lipid":[151],"profile":[152],"markers,":[153],"serum":[154],"function":[156,241],"parameters,":[157,238,242],"index":[159],"assed,":[161],"levels":[162],"inflammatory":[164,275,304],"oxidative":[166,278],"markers":[167,276],"namely":[168],"interleukin-1beta":[169],"(IL-1\u03b2),":[170],"interleukin":[171],"-6":[172],"(IL-6),":[173],"tumor":[174],"necrosis":[175],"factor-alpha":[176],"(TNF-":[177],"\u03b1),":[178],"transforming":[180],"growth":[181],"factor-beta":[182],"(TGF-\u03b21),":[183],"glutathione":[184],"(GSH),":[185],"malondialdehyde":[187],"(MDA)":[188],"determined":[190],"homogenate,":[194],"histopathological":[197,211,246,261,299],"examination":[198],"performed":[200],"use":[203],"hematoxylin":[205],"eosin":[207],"staining,":[208],"where":[209],"changes":[212,247,262],"kidney":[214],"tissues":[215],"semi-quantitatively":[217],"calculated":[218],"according":[219],"pathology":[223],"scoring":[224],"system.":[225],"control":[228,237,252,268],"group":[229],"showed":[230,244],"significant":[232,245],"increase":[233],"glycemic":[236,267],"compared":[248],"normal":[251],"group.":[253],"results":[255],"revealed":[256],"significantly":[259,294],"improves":[260],"while":[263],"doesn\u2019t":[264],"affect":[265],"parameters":[269],"reduction":[272],"stress":[279],"homogenate.":[283],"an":[286],"ameliorating":[287],"DN":[290],"it":[292],"can":[293],"decrease":[295],"most":[296],"changes,":[300],"oxidative,":[302],"markers.":[305]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2025-12-21T00:00:00"}
