{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417524924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-12363-7","title":"Smoking history is not independently associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic use in two nationally representative cohorts of adult men in South Korea","display_name":"Smoking history is not independently associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic use in two nationally representative cohorts of adult men in South Korea","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417524924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-12363-7","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41413471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12879-025-12363-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-12363-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-12363-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171015910","display_name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1471-2334","issn":["1471-2334"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-12363-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079794503","display_name":"Da\u2010Hee Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0902-4773","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0902-4773"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146824383","display_name":"Hallym University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbhge02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Da Seul Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044787386","display_name":"Shin Hye Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7473-1082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7473-1082"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802835388","display_name":"Seoul National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4nnt86","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shin Hye Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Palliative Care and Clinical Ethics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Palliative Care and Clinical Ethics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063456558","display_name":"Minkyeong Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-8328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-8328"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138925566","display_name":"Ewha Womans University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fp5c05","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258598","display_name":"Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypk0v12","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566","https://openalex.org/I4210132203","https://openalex.org/I4405258598"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minkyeong Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566","https://openalex.org/I4405258598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072661090","display_name":"Jiyeon Bae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6348-9892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6348-9892"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138925566","display_name":"Ewha Womans University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fp5c05","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258598","display_name":"Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypk0v12","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566","https://openalex.org/I4210132203","https://openalex.org/I4405258598"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyeon Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566","https://openalex.org/I4405258598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085818624","display_name":"Seung Soon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1797-3426","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1797-3426"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146824383","display_name":"Hallym University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbhge02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164424","display_name":"Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05hwzrf74","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164424","https://openalex.org/I4210167048"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Soon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383","https://openalex.org/I4210164424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733497","display_name":"Jeonghan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1695-9630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1695-9630"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138925566","display_name":"Ewha Womans University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fp5c05","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258598","display_name":"Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypk0v12","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566","https://openalex.org/I4210132203","https://openalex.org/I4405258598"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeong-Han Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, Seoul, South Korea. wjdgks0525@gmail.com","Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. wjdgks0525@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, Seoul, South Korea. wjdgks0525@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566","https://openalex.org/I4405258598"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. wjdgks0525@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566","https://openalex.org/I4405258598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078993968","display_name":"Jin-Ah Sim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3494-3002","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3494-3002"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146824383","display_name":"Hallym University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbhge02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166722992","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/0464eyp60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166722992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151365","display_name":"Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04n278m24","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151365","https://openalex.org/I4210167048"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Ah Sim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, 24252, Gangwon-do, South Korea. jin-ah.sim@hallym.ac.kr","Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea. jin-ah.sim@hallym.ac.kr","Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi, South Korea. jin-ah.sim@hallym.ac.kr","Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. jin-ah.sim@hallym.ac.kr"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, 24252, Gangwon-do, South Korea. jin-ah.sim@hallym.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea. jin-ah.sim@hallym.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi, South Korea. jin-ah.sim@hallym.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151365"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. jin-ah.sim@hallym.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166722992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026949923","display_name":"Hee Jung Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-4074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-4074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138925566","display_name":"Ewha Womans University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fp5c05","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258598","display_name":"Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypk0v12","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566","https://openalex.org/I4210132203","https://openalex.org/I4405258598"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hee Jung Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566","https://openalex.org/I4405258598"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078993968","https://openalex.org/A5100733497"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566","https://openalex.org/I146824383","https://openalex.org/I166722992","https://openalex.org/I4210151365","https://openalex.org/I4405258598"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.5341,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7611493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"119","last_page":"119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.010200000368058681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-history","display_name":"smoking history","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broad-spectrum-antibiotics","display_name":"broad-spectrum antibiotics","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-prescribing","display_name":"antibiotic prescribing","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycopeptide-antibiotics","display_name":"glycopeptides","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbapenems","display_name":"carbapenems","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance","display_name":"antibiotic resistance","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gram-negative-bacteria","display_name":"Gram-negative bacteria","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-men","display_name":"adult male","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-korea","display_name":"South Korea","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-health-insurance-service","display_name":"National Health Insurance Service","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-screening-cohort","display_name":"health screening cohort","score":0.9490000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.6208999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.6004999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5198000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.46369999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4494999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777843972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462253","display_name":"Smoking cessation","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190139176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598976","display_name":"Medical microbiology","level":2,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167704817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295548","display_name":"Rate ratio","level":3,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776040555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19903321","display_name":"Antimicrobial stewardship","level":4,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.26339998841285706}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002511","descriptor_name":"Cephalosporins","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015780","descriptor_name":"Carbapenems","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056910","descriptor_name":"Republic of Korea","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12879-025-12363-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-12363-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-12363-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171015910","display_name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1471-2334","issn":["1471-2334"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41413471","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41413471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC infectious diseases","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12829233","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12829233/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Infect Dis","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12879-025-12363-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-12363-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-12363-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171015910","display_name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1471-2334","issn":["1471-2334"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969770623","https://openalex.org/W1972809848","https://openalex.org/W2048133352","https://openalex.org/W2067036828","https://openalex.org/W2104259580","https://openalex.org/W2118515144","https://openalex.org/W2127817571","https://openalex.org/W2140353364","https://openalex.org/W2161535853","https://openalex.org/W2213791657","https://openalex.org/W2316751401","https://openalex.org/W2757321799","https://openalex.org/W2893582129","https://openalex.org/W2943487083","https://openalex.org/W2943512397","https://openalex.org/W2964992184","https://openalex.org/W2969433253","https://openalex.org/W2977322360","https://openalex.org/W3028321518","https://openalex.org/W3028960099","https://openalex.org/W3042978485","https://openalex.org/W3209013780","https://openalex.org/W4292622345","https://openalex.org/W4309021910","https://openalex.org/W4381716000","https://openalex.org/W4394792144","https://openalex.org/W4401799623","https://openalex.org/W4410460728"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Smoking":[1,112,267],"is":[2],"linked":[3],"to":[4,41,70,124,131,133,168,247],"an":[5,330],"increased":[6,65],"risk":[7],"of":[8,14,31,52,67,77,89,144,149,172,227,229,276,318,329,361],"infectious":[9],"diseases,":[10],"underscoring":[11],"the":[12,64,74,95,101,107,142,170,182,210,225,235,238,274,285,315,359],"importance":[13,360],"smoking":[15,25,58,185,334,343],"prevention":[16],"and":[17,106,187,206,209,219,259,296,304,323,336,357],"cessation":[18],"in":[19,73,94,257,265,280,294,302],"improving":[20],"public":[21],"health.":[22],"However,":[23],"using":[24,116,192],"history":[26,51,59,268,335,344],"as":[27,350],"a":[28,50,165],"surrogate":[29],"marker":[30],"infection":[32],"severity":[33],"may":[34],"have":[35],"unintended":[36],"consequences,":[37],"potentially":[38],"prompting":[39],"clinicians":[40],"prescribe":[42],"broad-spectrum":[43,68,135,230,319,355],"antibiotics":[44,69,173,231,320],"more":[45],"readily":[46],"for":[47,157,180,244,353],"patients":[48],"with":[49,63,273],"smoking.":[53],"This":[54],"study":[55],"evaluated":[56,191],"whether":[57],"was":[60,114,141,190,232,269,307],"independently":[61],"associated":[62,272],"prescription":[66,148,228,316],"adult":[71,91,202,215],"men":[72,92,203,216],"general":[75],"population":[76],"South":[78],"Korea.":[79],"METHODS:":[80],"We":[81,163],"analyzed":[82],"data":[83,117],"from":[84,118,122,129],"two":[85,313],"nationally":[86],"representative":[87],"cohorts":[88],"Korean":[90],"enrolled":[93],"National":[96,102],"Health":[97,108],"Insurance":[98],"Service":[99],"(NHIS):":[100],"Sample":[103],"Cohort":[104,110],"(NSC)":[105],"Screening":[109],"(HEALS).":[111],"status":[113,186],"classified":[115],"self-reported":[119],"questionnaires":[120],"collected":[121],"2009":[123],"2013.":[125],"Participants":[126],"were":[127,249,288,321],"followed":[128],"2013":[130],"2021":[132],"assess":[134,169],"antibiotic":[136,188,278],"use.":[137,338],"The":[138,197],"primary":[139],"outcome":[140,167],"receipt":[143],"at":[145,158],"least":[146,159],"one":[147],"antipseudomonal":[150,152],"penicillins,":[151],"cephalosporins,":[153],"carbapenems,":[154],"or":[155],"glycopeptides":[156],"3":[160],"consecutive":[161],"days.":[162],"used":[164],"composite":[166,236],"use":[171,189,275],"targeting":[174],"resistant":[175],"Gram-negative":[176],"organisms.":[177],"After":[178],"accounting":[179],"confounders,":[181],"association":[183,306,332],"between":[184,333],"multivariable":[193],"regression":[194],"models.":[195],"RESULTS:":[196],"NHIS\u2013NSC":[198,258,295],"cohort":[199,212],"included":[200,213],"50,134":[201],"(17,300":[204],"never-smokers":[205,218,248],"32,834":[207],"smokers),":[208],"NHIS\u2013HEALS":[211],"42,979":[214],"(20,145":[217],"22,834":[220],"smokers).":[221],"In":[222,311],"both":[223],"cohorts,":[224,314],"rate":[226,241],"low.":[233],"For":[234,283],"outcome,":[237],"adjusted":[239,286],"incidence":[240],"ratios":[242],"(IRR)":[243],"smokers":[245],"compared":[246],"1.55":[250],"(95%":[251,261,290,298],"confidence":[252],"interval":[253],"[CI]":[254],"=":[255,263,292,300],"0.67\u20133.52)":[256],"0.59":[260],"CI":[262,291,299],"0.24\u20131.46)":[264],"NHIS\u2013HEALS.":[266],"not":[270,326,347],"significantly":[271],"different":[277],"subclasses":[279],"these":[281,312],"cohorts.":[282],"glycopeptides,":[284],"IRRs":[287],"1.07":[289],"0.23\u20135.10)":[293],"3.47":[297],"0.70\u201317.13)":[301],"NHIS\u2013HEALS,":[303],"neither":[305],"statistically":[308],"significant.":[309],"CONCLUSION:":[310],"rates":[317],"low,":[322],"we":[324],"did":[325],"observe":[327],"evidence":[328],"independent":[331],"their":[337],"These":[339],"findings":[340],"suggest":[341],"that":[342],"alone":[345],"should":[346],"be":[348],"regarded":[349],"sufficient":[351],"justification":[352],"prescribing":[354,363],"agents":[356],"emphasize":[358],"basing":[362],"decisions":[364],"on":[365],"comprehensive":[366],"clinical":[367],"assessment.":[368]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-12-19T00:00:00"}
