{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417522860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1617","title":"Lead Induced Modulation in Growth, Chlorophyll Pigment, Nutrient Uptake, Antioxidant Enzyme Regulation, Gene Expression and Fruit Quality in two Tomato Cultivars","display_name":"Lead Induced Modulation in Growth, Chlorophyll Pigment, Nutrient Uptake, Antioxidant Enzyme Regulation, Gene Expression and Fruit Quality in two Tomato Cultivars","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417522860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1617"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17957/ijab/15.1617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1617","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1617","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26277462","display_name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","issn_l":"1560-8530","issn":["1560-8530","1814-9596"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113243","host_organization_name":"Friends Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Friends Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1617","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083339992","display_name":"Zarbakht Afzaal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zarbakht Afzaal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany , Government College University , Faisalabad -38040 , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany , Government College University , Faisalabad -38040 , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074090595","display_name":"Iqbal Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8449-0494","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8449-0494"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iqbal Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany , Government College University , Faisalabad -38040 , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany , Government College University , Faisalabad -38040 , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103553434","display_name":"Muhammad Arslan Ashraf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Arslan Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany , Government College University , Faisalabad -38040 , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany , Government College University , Faisalabad -38040 , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035992949","display_name":"Rizwan Rasheed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-7885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-7885","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5172-4274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rizwan Rasheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany , Government College University , Faisalabad -38040 , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany , Government College University , Faisalabad -38040 , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089971056","display_name":"Muhammad Tariq Javed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-7829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-7829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Tariq Javed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany , Government College University , Faisalabad -38040 , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany , Government College University , Faisalabad -38040 , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology , Government College University , Faisalabad , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology , Government College University , Faisalabad , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112231350","display_name":"Sumera Anwer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","display_name":"University of Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/051jrjw38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumera Anwer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , University of Lahore , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , University of Lahore , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065507292","display_name":"Muhammad Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4790-3584","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4790-3584"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany , Government College University , Faisalabad -38040 , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany , Government College University , Faisalabad -38040 , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3162,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54908883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11418","display_name":"Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-toxicity","display_name":"lead toxicity","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomato","display_name":"tomato","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultivar-tolerance","display_name":"cultivar tolerance","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-enzymes","display_name":"antioxidant enzymes","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalase","display_name":"catalase","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ascorbate-peroxidase","display_name":"ascorbate peroxidase","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peroxidase","display_name":"peroxidase","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll-content","display_name":"chlorophyll content","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-quality","display_name":"fruit quality","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-absorption","display_name":"mineral absorption","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-accumulation-in-roots","display_name":"lead accumulation in roots","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression","display_name":"gene expression","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197321923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886","display_name":"Cultivar","level":2,"score":0.7815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776373379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43177","display_name":"Chlorophyll","level":2,"score":0.7268999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.707099974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.6373000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.6140999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.5766000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.555899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28212737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381543","display_name":"Enzyme assay","level":3,"score":0.5209000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.414900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28781525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191907","display_name":"Carotenoid","level":2,"score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986274086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199678","display_name":"Ascorbic acid","level":2,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183688256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","display_name":"Photosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778902199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133878","display_name":"Chlorophyll a","level":2,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162008176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419305","display_name":"Peroxidase","level":3,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778979269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106951292","display_name":"Catalase","level":3,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780022147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208130","display_name":"Lycopene","level":3,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58808276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3652158","display_name":"Catechol oxidase","level":5,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778100927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943387","display_name":"Chlorophyll b","level":3,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17957/ijab/15.1617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1617","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1617","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26277462","display_name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","issn_l":"1560-8530","issn":["1560-8530","1814-9596"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113243","host_organization_name":"Friends Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Friends Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17957/ijab/15.1617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1617","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1617","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26277462","display_name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","issn_l":"1560-8530","issn":["1560-8530","1814-9596"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113243","host_organization_name":"Friends Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Friends Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.991100013256073,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417522860.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417522860.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167564665","https://openalex.org/W2911873070","https://openalex.org/W4386012115","https://openalex.org/W2356809706","https://openalex.org/W3129448977","https://openalex.org/W2099648886","https://openalex.org/W2384669937","https://openalex.org/W2545843220","https://openalex.org/W2737451166","https://openalex.org/W7132607200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metal":[0],"stress":[1,61],"is":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,28,123,181,189,209,229,246],"the":[5,161,194,213,227,244],"major":[6],"restrictions":[7],"for":[8],"agricultural":[9],"production.A":[10],"pot":[11],"experiment":[12],"was":[13,114,125,148],"set-up":[14],"to":[15,43,216],"appraise":[16],"modulation":[17],"in":[18,41,69,80,96,101,116,144,150,178,193,200,222,232,243],"growth,":[19],"oxidative":[20,240,250],"defense,":[21],"secondary":[22],"metabolism":[23],"and":[24,35,53,74,78,90,110,139,163,169,175,202,253],"relative":[25],"gene":[26,112,224,231],"expression":[27,113],"two":[29],"tomato":[30,120,179],"cultivars":[31],"viz.,":[32],"Roma":[33,128,147],"(sensitive)":[34],"Nagina":[36,124,145],"(tolerant)":[37],"at":[38],"flowering":[39],"stage":[40],"response":[42],"different":[44],"lead":[45],"(Pb":[46],"2+":[47,60,118,156,159,191,211,218,234],")":[48],"regimes":[49],"(160,":[50],"320,":[51],"640":[52],"1280":[54],"\u03bcM).The":[55],"results":[56,184],"showed":[57],"that":[58,186],"Pb":[59,117,155,158,190,210,217,233],"(1280":[62],"\u03bcM":[63],"Pb)":[64],"caused":[65,219],"a":[66,206],"considerable":[67],"reduction":[68],"growth":[70],"attributes,":[71],"chlorophyll":[72],"(Chl.)pigments":[73],"ascorbic":[75],"acid":[76],"contents,":[77,135,137],"increase":[79],"malondialdehyde":[81],"(MDA),":[82],"hydrogen":[83],"peroxide":[84],"(H":[85],"2":[86,88],"O":[87],"),":[89],"total":[91],"soluble":[92],"protein":[93,136],"(TSP)":[94],"contents":[95,141],"both":[97,182],"cultivars.A":[98],"significant":[99,187,220],"enhancement":[100],"ascorbate":[102],"peroxidase":[103,105],"(APX),":[104],"(POD),":[106],"catalase":[107],"(CAT)":[108],"activities":[109],"Cat2":[111,223],"documented":[115],"stressed":[119],"plants.Fruit":[121],"quality":[122,257],"better":[126],"than":[127],"cultivar.In":[129],"this":[130,151,230],"context,":[131],"higher":[132,239],"fruit":[133],"ash":[134],"fructose":[138],"glucose":[140],"were":[142],"observed":[143],"while":[146,204],"inferior":[149],"regard":[152],"when":[153],"under":[154],"stress.Furthermore,":[157],"reduced":[160],"fresh":[162],"dry":[164],"biomass,":[165],"moisture,":[166],"fiber":[167],"content":[168],"mineral":[170],"(Na":[171],"+":[172],",":[173],"K\u207a":[174],"Ca\u00b2\u207a)":[176],"uptake":[177],"fruits":[180],"cultivars.The":[183],"indicated":[185],"amount":[188,208],"accumulates":[192],"root":[195],"compared":[196],"with":[197],"its":[198],"concentration":[199,245],"shoot":[201],"leaves":[203],"only":[205],"small":[207],"reaches":[212],"fruit.The":[214],"exposure":[215],"changes":[221],"transcripts":[225],"indicating":[226],"contribution":[228],"tolerance.The":[235],"sensitive":[236],"cultivar":[237],"exhibited":[238],"damage,":[241],"decreases":[242],"essential":[247],"nutrients,":[248],"poor":[249],"defense":[251],"system,":[252],"thus":[254],"had":[255],"low":[256],"fruit.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-12-20T00:00:00"}