{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417455162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121383","title":"Research Progress on Application of Machine Learning in Continuous Casting","display_name":"Research Progress on Application of Machine Learning in Continuous Casting","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417455162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/met15121383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121383","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/12/1383/pdf?version=1766055326","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208383","display_name":"Metals","issn_l":"2075-4701","issn":["2075-4701"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/12/1383/pdf?version=1766055326","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030774529","display_name":"Zhaofeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6640-8390","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6640-8390"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176808543","display_name":"Liaoning Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2bd587","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaofeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jinghao Shao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176808543","display_name":"Liaoning Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2bd587","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghao Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100328876","display_name":"Shuai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4068","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4068"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405282213","display_name":"Liaoning Institute of Science and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/05g0j8x46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405282213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Institute of Science and Engineering, Jinzhou 121010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Institute of Science and Engineering, Jinzhou 121010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405282213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383590","display_name":"Jiahui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-0289","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-0289"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279488","display_name":"Liaoning Vocational University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01hzqrd59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279488"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiahui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Liaoning Vocational University of Technology, Jinzhou 121007, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Liaoning Vocational University of Technology, Jinzhou 121007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279488"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuqi Pang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176808543","display_name":"Liaoning Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2bd587","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqi Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100328876","https://openalex.org/A5100383590"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279488","https://openalex.org/I4405282213"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":1.1918,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76958941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"12","first_page":"1383","last_page":"1383"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14474","display_name":"Industrial Technology and Control Systems","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-casting","display_name":"continuous casting","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"machine learning","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-parameter-optimization","display_name":"process parameter optimization","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-imbalance","display_name":"class imbalance","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-interpretability","display_name":"model interpretability","score":0.9629999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7081000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779684419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1506832","display_name":"Continuous casting","level":2,"score":0.6496000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5742999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5539000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5414999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46650001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.46050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.45660001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.44350001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4390999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43540000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.36730000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780548022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614396","display_name":"Continuous production","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130631938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144894","display_name":"Intellectualization","level":2,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16635281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496098","display_name":"Casting","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82327864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835100","display_name":"Intelligent control","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25349015","display_name":"Digital manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780682718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16321575","display_name":"Production control","level":3,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/met15121383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121383","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/12/1383/pdf?version=1766055326","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208383","display_name":"Metals","issn_l":"2075-4701","issn":["2075-4701"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metals","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:440c9430a5d344cfb1693c3f07775dda","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/440c9430a5d344cfb1693c3f07775dda","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Metals, Vol 15, Iss 12, p 1383 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/met15121383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121383","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/12/1383/pdf?version=1766055326","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208383","display_name":"Metals","issn_l":"2075-4701","issn":["2075-4701"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.651199996471405,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325567","display_name":"Liaoning Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2bd587"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417455162.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417455162.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529675224","https://openalex.org/W1967131027","https://openalex.org/W1976597329","https://openalex.org/W2000103428","https://openalex.org/W2018374358","https://openalex.org/W2021631269","https://openalex.org/W2026501120","https://openalex.org/W2046971135","https://openalex.org/W2055524104","https://openalex.org/W2056599883","https://openalex.org/W2065044357","https://openalex.org/W2069540540","https://openalex.org/W2070533382","https://openalex.org/W2075665405","https://openalex.org/W2078773999","https://openalex.org/W2080759952","https://openalex.org/W2082016107","https://openalex.org/W2082184392","https://openalex.org/W2082817905","https://openalex.org/W2086990758","https://openalex.org/W2091601034","https://openalex.org/W2094650077","https://openalex.org/W2104485311","https://openalex.org/W2313531928","https://openalex.org/W2463249880","https://openalex.org/W2591797778","https://openalex.org/W2614311588","https://openalex.org/W2775811983","https://openalex.org/W2782128980","https://openalex.org/W2922866880","https://openalex.org/W2936534306","https://openalex.org/W2946303463","https://openalex.org/W2955511292","https://openalex.org/W2969713813","https://openalex.org/W2975907768","https://openalex.org/W2993586032","https://openalex.org/W3004967383","https://openalex.org/W3024622438","https://openalex.org/W3083398695","https://openalex.org/W3117732874","https://openalex.org/W3137326543","https://openalex.org/W3173280918","https://openalex.org/W3174855831","https://openalex.org/W4200313803","https://openalex.org/W4210907528","https://openalex.org/W4232575680","https://openalex.org/W4283581703","https://openalex.org/W4285152835","https://openalex.org/W4292340296","https://openalex.org/W4368340936","https://openalex.org/W4376602070","https://openalex.org/W4379801415","https://openalex.org/W4380049331","https://openalex.org/W4382058061","https://openalex.org/W4385347277","https://openalex.org/W4387400025","https://openalex.org/W4387492725","https://openalex.org/W4388157813","https://openalex.org/W4389352903","https://openalex.org/W4391282092","https://openalex.org/W4391543974","https://openalex.org/W4392499497","https://openalex.org/W4393254478","https://openalex.org/W4394914640","https://openalex.org/W4396603712","https://openalex.org/W4399054341","https://openalex.org/W4399303312","https://openalex.org/W4399616856","https://openalex.org/W4399705937","https://openalex.org/W4401421088","https://openalex.org/W4403424987","https://openalex.org/W4403812301","https://openalex.org/W4404667013","https://openalex.org/W4406775652","https://openalex.org/W4407182240","https://openalex.org/W4408973981","https://openalex.org/W4409074640","https://openalex.org/W4409437638","https://openalex.org/W4409777358","https://openalex.org/W4411985888","https://openalex.org/W4413779461"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Continuous":[0],"casting":[1,59],"is":[2],"a":[3],"key":[4],"core":[5,90],"link":[6],"in":[7,56,81,130],"steel":[8,41,191],"production":[9,37,132],"with":[10],"characteristics":[11],"of":[12,39,77,84,127,138,189],"strong":[13],"nonlinearity,":[14],"multi-parameter":[15],"coupling":[16],"and":[17,35,66,97,112,118,134,142,154,160,173,180,186],"dynamic":[18],"fluctuations":[19],"under":[20],"working":[21],"conditions.":[22],"Traditional":[23],"experience-dependent":[24],"or":[25],"mechanism-driven":[26],"models":[27,108],"are":[28],"no":[29],"longer":[30],"suitable":[31],"for":[32,50,183],"the":[33,52,57,74,82,104,124,136,145,184,190],"high-quality":[34],"high-efficiency":[36],"demands":[38],"modern":[40],"industries.":[42],"Machine":[43],"learning":[44,79,115],"provides":[45],"an":[46],"effective":[47],"technical":[48,181],"path":[49],"solving":[51],"complex":[53],"control":[54],"problems":[55],"continuous":[58,85],"process":[60,98],"through":[61],"its":[62],"powerful":[63],"data":[64,152],"mining":[65],"pattern":[67],"recognition":[68],"capabilities.":[69],"This":[70],"paper":[71],"systematically":[72],"reviews":[73],"research":[75],"progress":[76],"machine":[78],"applications":[80],"field":[83],"casting,":[86],"focusing":[87],"on":[88],"three":[89],"scenarios:":[91],"abnormal":[92],"prediction,":[93],"quality":[94],"defect":[95],"detection":[96],"parameter":[99],"optimization.":[100],"It":[101,122],"sorts":[102],"out":[103],"evolution":[105],"from":[106],"single":[107],"to":[109,169],"feature":[110],"optimization":[111],"integration,":[113],"deep":[114],"hybrid":[116],"models,":[117],"mechanism-data":[119],"dual-driven":[120],"models.":[121],"summarizes":[123],"significant":[125],"achievements":[126],"this":[128],"technology":[129],"reducing":[131],"risks":[133],"improving":[135],"stability":[137],"cast":[139],"billet":[140],"quality,":[141],"it":[143,166],"analyzes":[144],"prominent":[146],"challenges":[147],"currently":[148],"faced":[149],"such":[150],"as":[151],"distortion":[153],"distribution":[155],"imbalance,":[156],"insufficient":[157],"model":[158],"interpretability":[159],"limited":[161],"cross-scenario":[162],"generalization":[163],"ability.":[164],"Finally,":[165],"looks":[167],"forward":[168],"future":[170],"technological":[171],"innovation":[172],"application":[174],"expansion":[175],"directions,":[176],"providing":[177],"theoretical":[178],"support":[179],"references":[182],"digital":[185],"intelligent":[187],"transformation":[188],"industry.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-12-18T00:00:00"}