{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417451069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sm00804b","title":"Independent measurement of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of transparent thin films using indentation and surface deformation measurements","display_name":"Independent measurement of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of transparent thin films using indentation and surface deformation measurements","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417451069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sm00804b","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41408858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/d5sm00804b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sm00804b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sm00804b","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/sm/d5sm00804b","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6377669","display_name":"Soft Matter","issn_l":"1744-683X","issn":["1744-683X","1744-6848"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft Matter","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/sm/d5sm00804b","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027405160","display_name":"Michael Wald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3349-7415","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3349-7415"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340755506","display_name":"3M (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mgss748","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340755506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. J. Wald","raw_affiliation_strings":["3M Company, St. Paul, MN, USA","Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3M Company, St. Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340755506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. M. Considine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-399X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-399X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126421","display_name":"Forest Products Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/031sp1p50","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210126421"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Considine","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-399X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126421"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022108747","display_name":"Kevin Thomas Turner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4963-4568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4963-4568"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. T. Turner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4963-4568","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022108747"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.322,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52058298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"532","last_page":"545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10377","display_name":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10377","display_name":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.010200000368058681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11799","display_name":"Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions","score":0.009499999694526196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-s-modulus","display_name":"Young's modulus","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-s-ratio","display_name":"Poisson's ratio","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparent-thin-films","display_name":"transparent thin films","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumented-indentation","display_name":"instrumented indentation","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-displacement-measurement","display_name":"surface displacement measurement","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defocused-imaging","display_name":"defocused imaging","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spherical-aberration","display_name":"spherical aberration","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-tracking","display_name":"particle tracking","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-modulus","display_name":"reduced modulus","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicone-rubber","display_name":"silicone rubber","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polydimethylsiloxane","display_name":"polydimethylsiloxane","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-displacement-measurement","display_name":"3D displacement measurement","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780902562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154141","display_name":"Indentation","level":2,"score":0.8557999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.835099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6385999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779849746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411955","display_name":"Polydimethylsiloxane","level":2,"score":0.6270999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.5726000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.559499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43486711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192005","display_name":"Elastic modulus","level":2,"score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193867417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889814","display_name":"Modulus","level":2,"score":0.516700029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77017923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912313","display_name":"Optical microscope","level":3,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38052585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252266","display_name":"Elastomer","level":2,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31555180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3523867","display_name":"Material properties","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196029304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584","display_name":"Young's modulus","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779769944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146439","display_name":"Silicone","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202799725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272035","display_name":"Accuracy and precision","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165720898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150000","display_name":"Indentation hardness","level":3,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67649825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538","display_name":"Microscope","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1039/d5sm00804b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sm00804b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sm00804b","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/sm/d5sm00804b","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6377669","display_name":"Soft Matter","issn_l":"1744-683X","issn":["1744-683X","1744-6848"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft Matter","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41408858","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41408858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft matter","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/d5sm00804b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sm00804b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sm00804b","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/sm/d5sm00804b","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6377669","display_name":"Soft Matter","issn_l":"1744-683X","issn":["1744-683X","1744-6848"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft Matter","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8022480439","display_name":"CAREER: A Fundamental Investigation of the Mechanics of Micro-Transfer  Printing Processes for Manufacturing Multifunctional Microsystems","funder_award_id":"0845294","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309397","display_name":"Forest Products Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/031sp1p50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332478","display_name":"U.S. Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/028yd4c30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417451069.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417451069.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963955842","https://openalex.org/W1970672285","https://openalex.org/W1981593616","https://openalex.org/W1983881757","https://openalex.org/W1989247998","https://openalex.org/W1990919342","https://openalex.org/W1993840291","https://openalex.org/W1998551230","https://openalex.org/W1999766315","https://openalex.org/W2001301537","https://openalex.org/W2005025420","https://openalex.org/W2017536526","https://openalex.org/W2029058042","https://openalex.org/W2038039615","https://openalex.org/W2042629182","https://openalex.org/W2048982884","https://openalex.org/W2049132016","https://openalex.org/W2054635074","https://openalex.org/W2067468280","https://openalex.org/W2073166007","https://openalex.org/W2081920360","https://openalex.org/W2086487380","https://openalex.org/W2086933933","https://openalex.org/W2096966770","https://openalex.org/W2103381196","https://openalex.org/W2118120229","https://openalex.org/W2121260449","https://openalex.org/W2133322513","https://openalex.org/W2141035311","https://openalex.org/W2146202010","https://openalex.org/W2150756452","https://openalex.org/W2167287337","https://openalex.org/W2571419417","https://openalex.org/W3163571292","https://openalex.org/W4231896193","https://openalex.org/W4402309921"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Instrumented":[0],"indentation":[1,21,102,206],"is":[2,28,54,83,156],"a":[3,24,29,80,98,123,162,202],"common":[4],"technique":[5,82,144],"for":[6,145],"measuring":[7],"the":[8,41,51,61,65,95,112,118,130,140,147,150,154,180,193,196,247],"elastic":[9,213],"properties":[10,214],"of":[11,31,40,64,97,117,129,149,195,204,215,242],"thin":[12],"materials,":[13],"including":[14],"elastomers,":[15],"gels,":[16],"and":[17,34,73,106,152,158,176,188,208],"biological":[18],"materials.":[19],"Traditional":[20],"analysis":[22,207],"yields":[23],"reduced":[25],"modulus,":[26],"which":[27,86],"function":[30],"Young's":[32,174,243],"modulus":[33,175,244],"Poisson's":[35,177],"ratio,":[36],"thus":[37],"requiring":[38],"one":[39],"parameters":[42],"to":[43,49,59,68,172],"be":[44],"estimated":[45],"or":[46],"independently":[47],"measured":[48,90,121,191],"decouple":[50],"properties.":[52],"It":[53],"difficult":[55],"in":[56,85,111,132,232,246],"some":[57],"cases":[58],"know":[60],"true":[62],"deformation":[63],"surface":[66,96,194,210],"due":[67],"substrate":[69],"deformations,":[70],"machine":[71],"compliance,":[72],"thermal":[74],"drift.":[75],"To":[76],"address":[77],"these":[78],"issues,":[79],"new":[81],"demonstrated":[84],"3D":[87],"displacements":[88,116,190],"are":[89,120,165],"at":[91],"discrete":[92],"points":[93],"along":[94,192],"transparent":[99],"specimen":[100],"during":[101],"tests":[103],"using":[104,122,223],"microscopy":[105],"fluorescent":[107],"micrometer-scale":[108],"particles":[109,119,151],"embedded":[110],"specimen.":[113,197],"The":[114,183,198,212,226],"out-of-plane":[115],"defocused":[124],"imaging":[125],"technique,":[126],"taking":[127],"advantage":[128],"change":[131],"spherical":[133],"aberration":[134],"ring":[135],"radius":[136],"with":[137,234,240],"distance":[138],"from":[139,179,220,228],"focal":[141],"plane.":[142],"A":[143],"tracking":[146],"motion":[148],"calibrating":[153],"system":[155],"described,":[157],"experimental":[159,181,221],"measurements":[160],"on":[161],"silicone":[163],"elastomer":[164],"presented.":[166],"Two":[167],"optimization":[168],"algorithms":[169],"were":[170,218,231],"developed":[171],"extract":[173],"ratio":[178],"measurements.":[182],"first":[184],"algorithm":[185,200],"uses":[186,201],"radial":[187,209],"normal":[189],"second":[199],"combination":[203],"traditional":[205],"displacements.":[211],"polydimethylsiloxane":[216],"(PDMS)":[217],"calculated":[219],"data":[222],"both":[224,229],"algorithms.":[225],"results":[227],"methods":[230],"agreement":[233],"each":[235],"other,":[236],"as":[237,239],"well":[238],"values":[241],"reported":[245],"literature.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2025-12-18T00:00:00"}
