{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417358765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13120603","title":"A Crosstalk Between Periodontal Disease and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Risk Assessment and Diagnosis\u2014A Narrative Review","display_name":"A Crosstalk Between Periodontal Disease and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Risk Assessment and Diagnosis\u2014A Narrative Review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417358765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13120603","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41440361","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12731730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/dj13120603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13120603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13120603","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/12/603/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764449849","display_name":"Dentistry Journal","issn_l":"2304-6767","issn":["2304-6767"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dentistry Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/12/603/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000608666","display_name":"Bhavyasri Gaddam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5954-3147","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5954-3147"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118073183","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhavyasri Gaddam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073743962","display_name":"Leela Subhashini Choudary Alluri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-4367","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-4367"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118073183","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leela Subhashini Choudary Alluri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Periodontology , School of Dentistry , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-4367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Periodontology , School of Dentistry , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093213859","display_name":"Ihunna Amugo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4087-7415","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4087-7415"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118073183","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ihunna Amugo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040900236","display_name":"Lemlem T Berta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118073183","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lemlem T Berta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mckayla Butler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118073183","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mckayla Butler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104221755","display_name":"Shania Ferguson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118073183","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shania P Ferguson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113205156","display_name":"Alexys Ferguson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9567-6143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9567-6143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118073183","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexys Ferguson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9567-6143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ethel Harris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118073183","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ethel Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine , Meharry Community Wellness Center , School of Medicine , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Community Wellness Center, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine , Meharry Community Wellness Center , School of Medicine , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Community Wellness Center, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068349398","display_name":"Vladimir Berthaud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5585-4853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5585-4853"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118073183","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Berthaud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine , Meharry Community Wellness Center , School of Medicine , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Community Wellness Center, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine , Meharry Community Wellness Center , School of Medicine , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Community Wellness Center, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075882005","display_name":"Siddharth Pratap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2200-0848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2200-0848"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118073183","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddharth Pratap","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2200-0848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682410","display_name":"Qingguo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-3724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-3724"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118073183","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingguo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology , School of Medicine , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN","Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-3724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology , School of Medicine , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010009334","display_name":"Chethan Sampath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6396-227X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6396-227X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118073183","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chethan Sampath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6396-227X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061933361","display_name":"Zaid H. Khoury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-3560","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-3560"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118073183","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaid H Khoury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078033952","display_name":"Pandu R. Gangula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7259-570X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7259-570X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118073183","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pandu Gangula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7259-570X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078033952"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118073183"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2413},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2413},"fwci":0.2921,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43017544,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"603","last_page":"603"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13761","display_name":"HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12439","display_name":"Dental Research and COVID-19","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodontal-disease","display_name":"periodontal disease","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1","display_name":"HIV-1","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodontal-pathogens","display_name":"periodontal pathogens","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-complex","display_name":"red complex","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alveolar-bone-loss","display_name":"alveolar bone loss","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-diagnosis","display_name":"early diagnosis","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"machine learning","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-medicine","display_name":"precision medicine","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/people-living-with-hiv","display_name":"people living with HIV","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodontal-treatment","display_name":"periodontal treatment","score":0.6809999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.66839998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.61080002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.5922999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.586899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992452445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520127","display_name":"Periodontal disease","level":2,"score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.5235999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.3955000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988867146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Human disease","level":3,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169822122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230187","display_name":"Crosstalk","level":2,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140608501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318358","display_name":"Review article","level":2,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191630685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027615","display_name":"Informatics","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520127","display_name":"Periodontitis","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/dj13120603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13120603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13120603","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/12/603/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764449849","display_name":"Dentistry Journal","issn_l":"2304-6767","issn":["2304-6767"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dentistry Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202509.2597.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202509.2597.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202509.2597.v1","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/343ca1a1a15b2f49fcdf7ed6e02c7ac4/download_pub","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:41440361","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41440361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dentistry journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12731730","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12731730/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dent J (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ff1f03137fc24253a25b9888df80eb05","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ff1f03137fc24253a25b9888df80eb05","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dentistry Journal, Vol 13, Iss 12, p 603 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/dj13120603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13120603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13120603","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/12/603/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764449849","display_name":"Dentistry Journal","issn_l":"2304-6767","issn":["2304-6767"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dentistry Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4775678995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D34HP00002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332175","funder_display_name":"Health Resources and Services Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6815519549","display_name":"STrengthening Research OpportuNities for Growth at Meharry Medical College (Meharry-STRONG)","funder_award_id":"UC2MD019626","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337534","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000871416","display_name":"Multidisciplinary Practice-Based Research Training in Meharry Medical College, School of Dentistry","funder_award_id":"U01DE033241","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337365","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000911866","display_name":"Role of Oral Microbiota on Vascular Function","funder_award_id":"R16GM149440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332175","display_name":"Health Resources and Services Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/033jnv181"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337365","display_name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/004a2wv92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337534","display_name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","ror":"https://ror.org/0493hgw16"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417358765.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417358765.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":102,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971683197","https://openalex.org/W1973727298","https://openalex.org/W1991309140","https://openalex.org/W2014899914","https://openalex.org/W2020728576","https://openalex.org/W2031506755","https://openalex.org/W2037898352","https://openalex.org/W2043262552","https://openalex.org/W2062453400","https://openalex.org/W2115665199","https://openalex.org/W2119082754","https://openalex.org/W2125916903","https://openalex.org/W2139106884","https://openalex.org/W2142475118","https://openalex.org/W2279029296","https://openalex.org/W2317983531","https://openalex.org/W2418246867","https://openalex.org/W2517922167","https://openalex.org/W2606491090","https://openalex.org/W2744153085","https://openalex.org/W2767884627","https://openalex.org/W2773201627","https://openalex.org/W2782412726","https://openalex.org/W2800706558","https://openalex.org/W2800930788","https://openalex.org/W2809948294","https://openalex.org/W2886435164","https://openalex.org/W2903652787","https://openalex.org/W2908201961","https://openalex.org/W2919148288","https://openalex.org/W2919696154","https://openalex.org/W2921797648","https://openalex.org/W2941774685","https://openalex.org/W2976952765","https://openalex.org/W2982580298","https://openalex.org/W2983337998","https://openalex.org/W2989512989","https://openalex.org/W2996343069","https://openalex.org/W2998899705","https://openalex.org/W3007176081","https://openalex.org/W3021926250","https://openalex.org/W3023972696","https://openalex.org/W3032456892","https://openalex.org/W3042209708","https://openalex.org/W3110567601","https://openalex.org/W3126920385","https://openalex.org/W3134907435","https://openalex.org/W3136990625","https://openalex.org/W3139374235","https://openalex.org/W3157219655","https://openalex.org/W3161768710","https://openalex.org/W3165835753","https://openalex.org/W3174105206","https://openalex.org/W3194526457","https://openalex.org/W3196584376","https://openalex.org/W3199448384","https://openalex.org/W3203041483","https://openalex.org/W3203851951","https://openalex.org/W3207771225","https://openalex.org/W3207871705","https://openalex.org/W4210956735","https://openalex.org/W4214812380","https://openalex.org/W4220877359","https://openalex.org/W4225013498","https://openalex.org/W4283693014","https://openalex.org/W4306909771","https://openalex.org/W4313627927","https://openalex.org/W4313646396","https://openalex.org/W4319596147","https://openalex.org/W4323350499","https://openalex.org/W4366243083","https://openalex.org/W4366374286","https://openalex.org/W4367366032","https://openalex.org/W4367627800","https://openalex.org/W4372330626","https://openalex.org/W4380264713","https://openalex.org/W4386593396","https://openalex.org/W4387266347","https://openalex.org/W4390841393","https://openalex.org/W4391613817","https://openalex.org/W4399326812","https://openalex.org/W4399573129","https://openalex.org/W4399728575","https://openalex.org/W4401786144","https://openalex.org/W4402896716","https://openalex.org/W4403555245","https://openalex.org/W4404266246","https://openalex.org/W4405228619","https://openalex.org/W4405365135","https://openalex.org/W4406253199","https://openalex.org/W4406774310","https://openalex.org/W4407320645","https://openalex.org/W4409026413","https://openalex.org/W4409328211","https://openalex.org/W4409653302","https://openalex.org/W4410743033","https://openalex.org/W4411034160","https://openalex.org/W4411216465","https://openalex.org/W4412594296","https://openalex.org/W4412726368","https://openalex.org/W4413824881","https://openalex.org/W4413910759"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W104055170","https://openalex.org/W2343893934","https://openalex.org/W4401523765","https://openalex.org/W2165807039","https://openalex.org/W2273744217","https://openalex.org/W2794668011","https://openalex.org/W7128078469","https://openalex.org/W4403589592","https://openalex.org/W2419781947","https://openalex.org/W7103149621"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Periodontal":[0],"disease":[1,93,110],"(PD)":[2],"is":[3,79],"an":[4],"inflammatory":[5,44],"condition":[6],"caused":[7],"by":[8],"multiple":[9],"periodontal":[10,92],"pathogens,":[11],"particularly":[12],"those":[13,179],"belonging":[14],"to":[15,56,107,135,168],"the":[16,23,43,48,71,89,124,137,143,158,174],"Red":[17],"Complex.":[18],"Various":[19],"risk":[20],"factors":[21,138],"influence":[22],"development":[24],"of":[25,75,91,127,176],"PD,":[26],"including":[27],"age,":[28],"sex,":[29],"socioeconomic":[30],"status,":[31],"ethnicity,":[32],"and":[33,39,50,53,73,94,99,104,112,130,142,152,166],"underlying":[34],"health":[35,96],"issues.":[36],"Numerous":[37],"molecular":[38],"cellular":[40],"processes":[41],"govern":[42],"response,":[45],"which":[46],"affects":[47],"gums":[49],"tooth-supporting":[51],"structures":[52],"ultimately":[54,172],"leads":[55],"alveolar":[57],"bone":[58],"loss.":[59],"Accumulating":[60],"evidence":[61],"suggests":[62],"that":[63,139],"Human":[64],"Immunodeficiency":[65],"Virus-1":[66],"(HIV-1)":[67],"infection":[68],"significantly":[69],"impacts":[70],"initiation":[72],"progression":[74],"PD.":[76],"While":[77],"HIV-1":[78],"treated":[80],"with":[81,150,181],"antiretroviral":[82],"therapy,":[83],"this":[84],"treatment":[85,113],"can":[86,120],"also":[87],"affect":[88],"course":[90],"systemic":[95],"status.":[97],"AI/ML":[98],"precision":[100],"medicine":[101],"integrates":[102],"genomic":[103],"computational":[105],"data":[106],"enable":[108],"individualized":[109],"prevention":[111],"strategies.":[114],"When":[115],"applied":[116],"responsibly,":[117],"these":[118],"technologies":[119],"assist":[121],"clinicians":[122],"in":[123],"timely":[125],"detection":[126],"both":[128],"PD":[129,141,170],"HIV-1.":[131,154],"This":[132],"review":[133],"aims":[134],"discuss":[136],"exacerbate":[140],"available":[144],"therapeutic":[145],"options":[146],"for":[147,160,163,178],"persons":[148],"living":[149,180],"(PLWH)":[151],"without":[153],"Additionally,":[155],"we":[156],"emphasize":[157],"need":[159],"developing":[161],"biomarkers":[162],"early":[164],"diagnosis":[165],"intervention":[167],"manage":[169],"effectively,":[171],"improving":[173],"quality":[175],"life":[177],"HIV.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-12-16T00:00:00"}