{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417344498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34565","title":"The Effect of Online Sales Bans on E-Cigarette Use","display_name":"The Effect of Online Sales Bans on E-Cigarette Use","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417344498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w34565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34565","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34565","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34565","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083209586","display_name":"Ege Aksu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ege Aksu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge , MA 02138"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge , MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033814175","display_name":"Charles Courtemanche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5422-5350","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5422-5350"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Courtemanche","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kentucky Institute for the Study of Free Enterprise Department of Economics and IZA and also NBER"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kentucky Institute for the Study of Free Enterprise Department of Economics and IZA and also NBER","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059997108","display_name":"Dhaval Dave","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-3761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-3761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhaval Dave","raw_affiliation_strings":["NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge , MA 02138"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge , MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084360561","display_name":"Daniel Dench","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-6892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-6892"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Dench","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology School of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology School of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060243005","display_name":"Michael Baruch Grossman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9863-4308","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9863-4308"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121847817","display_name":"The Graduate Center, CUNY","ror":"https://ror.org/00awd9g61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121847817"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Grossman","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of New York and CUNY Graduate Center and IZA and also NBER","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge , MA 02138"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of New York and CUNY Graduate Center and IZA and also NBER","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121847817","https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge , MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447370","display_name":"Jooyoung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0526-6559","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0526-6559","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8755-1918"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jooyoung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Diego State University Center for Health Economics & Policy Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Diego State University Center for Health Economics & Policy Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099069601","display_name":"Selen Ozdogan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2085-3811","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2085-3811"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Selen Ozdogan","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shubhsri Rajendra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shubhsri Rajendra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088885069","display_name":"Joseph J. Sabia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9319-5211","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9319-5211"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Sabia","raw_affiliation_strings":["NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge , MA 02138"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge , MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083032895","display_name":"Henry Saffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8433-6924","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8433-6924"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry Saffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12816","display_name":"Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-cigarettes","display_name":"electronic cigarettes","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-vaping","display_name":"youth vaping","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-control","display_name":"tobacco control","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-tobacco-use","display_name":"adolescent tobacco use","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-substitution","display_name":"product substitution","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-effectiveness","display_name":"policy effectiveness","score":0.5210000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6312999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5195069","display_name":"Current Population Survey","level":3,"score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991860356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126793","display_name":"Retail sales","level":2,"score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.42820000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777126965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880710","display_name":"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System","level":3,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781161759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24451192","display_name":"Lost sales","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986873142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734253","display_name":"Online business","level":3,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137405303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094107","display_name":"Online participation","level":3,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989499966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664183","display_name":"Consumer protection","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983812674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134808","display_name":"Delivery system","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512338625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624902","display_name":"Online advertising","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89785696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290753","display_name":"Theory of planned behavior","level":3,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139749660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5657855","display_name":"Sales management","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w34565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34565","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34565","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w34565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34565","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34565","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309507","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309825","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314598","display_name":"Charles Koch Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417344498.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417344498.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405761686"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411850997","https://openalex.org/W2595797953","https://openalex.org/W7128528695","https://openalex.org/W4405836063","https://openalex.org/W4220847330","https://openalex.org/W4401749478","https://openalex.org/W4224223740","https://openalex.org/W2297819766","https://openalex.org/W4385077763","https://openalex.org/W2989064315"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Policymakers":[0],"at":[1,95],"the":[2,26,30,57,121],"state":[3],"and":[4,46,60,72,74,81,163],"federal":[5],"levels":[6],"have":[7,138],"argued":[8],"that":[9,90,107,130,181],"restricting":[10],"online":[11,36,108,135,144,161,165,182],"sales":[12,37,109,136,183],"of":[13,32,38,70,120,127,172],"e-cigarettes":[14,173],"is":[15,25],"a":[16,82,139,168],"crucial":[17],"policy":[18],"tool":[19],"to":[20,28,149,151,157],"curb":[21],"youth":[22,97],"vaping.This":[23],"study":[24],"first":[27],"explore":[29],"effectiveness":[31],"statewide":[33],"restrictions":[34,110,133,184],"on":[35,44,134,143],"electronic":[39],"nicotine":[40],"delivery":[41],"systems":[42],"(ENDS)":[43],"teen":[45],"young":[47],"adult":[48,186],"ENDS":[49,98,113,155,187],"use.Using":[50],"data":[51],"from":[52],"four":[53],"national":[54],"datasets":[55],"(Monitoring":[56],"Future,":[58],"State":[59],"Combined":[61],"Youth":[62],"Risk":[63,76],"Behavior":[64],"Surveillance":[65,78],"System":[66,79],"surveys,":[67],"Population":[68],"Assessment":[69],"Tobacco":[71],"Health,":[73],"Behavioral":[75],"Factor":[77],"survey)":[80],"generalized":[83],"difference-in-differences":[84],"approach,":[85],"we":[86,103,176],"find":[87,178],"no":[88,179],"evidence":[89,180],"such":[91],"laws":[92],"are":[93,147,167],"effective":[94],"curbing":[96],"use.With":[99],"95":[100],"percent":[101,119],"confidence,":[102],"can":[104],"rule":[105],"out":[106],"reduced":[111,160],"prior-month":[112],"use":[114],"by":[115],"more":[116],"than":[117],"3.6":[118],"pre-treatment":[122],"mean":[123],"vaping":[124],"rate.An":[125],"exploration":[126],"mechanisms":[128],"suggests":[129],"(1)":[131],"while":[132],"may":[137],"small":[140],"negative":[141],"effect":[142],"purchases,":[145],"youths":[146],"able":[148],"substitute":[150],"other":[152],"sources":[153,166],"for":[154,159,174],"products":[156],"compensate":[158],"access,":[162],"(2)":[164],"very":[169],"rare":[170],"source":[171],"youths.Finally,":[175],"also":[177],"reduce":[185],"use.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-12-16T00:00:00"}