{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417317397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18121891","title":"A Pyrimidine-Based Tubulin Inhibitor Shows Potent Anti-Glioblastoma Activity In Vitro and In Vivo","display_name":"A Pyrimidine-Based Tubulin Inhibitor Shows Potent Anti-Glioblastoma Activity In Vitro and In Vivo","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417317397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18121891","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41471380","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13019412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ph18121891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18121891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18121891","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/12/1891/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16322639","display_name":"Pharmaceuticals","issn_l":"1424-8247","issn":["1424-8247"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceuticals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/12/1891/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066096516","display_name":"Satyanarayana Pochampally","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7617-9906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7617-9906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satyanarayana Pochampally","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076720785","display_name":"Lawrence M. Pfeffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2809-1234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2809-1234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence M. Pfeffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2809-1234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027210775","display_name":"Gustavo A. Miranda\u2010Carboni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-9207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-9207"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustav A Miranda-Carboni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Macey Daniel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Macey Daniel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022328755","display_name":"Jazz I. James","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jazz I James","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Allana Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allana Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008757733","display_name":"Chuan He Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-062X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-062X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan He Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054401420","display_name":"Hannah R. Kelso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6825-2170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6825-2170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah R Kelso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6825-2170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072643542","display_name":"Deanna N. Parke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5125-683X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5125-683X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deanna N. Parke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5125-683X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073936438","display_name":"Dong\u2010Jin Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0055-1916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0055-1916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Jin Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0055-1916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318325","display_name":"W\u011bi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-4474","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-4474","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4136-3409","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9141-6389"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-4474","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016676195","display_name":"Duane D. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-0985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-0985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Duane D Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-0985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016676195","https://openalex.org/A5076720785"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20795608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"12","first_page":"1891","last_page":"1891"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10274","display_name":"Heterocyclic Compound Synthesis and Bioactivity","score":0.6753000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10274","display_name":"Heterocyclic Compound Synthesis and Bioactivity","score":0.6753000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.2587999999523163,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics (clinical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13160","display_name":"Synthesis and Biological Evaluation","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glioblastoma","display_name":"glioblastoma","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tubulin-polymerization-inhibitors","display_name":"tubulin polymerization inhibitors","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrimidine-analogs","display_name":"pyrimidine analogues","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-molecule-anticancer-drugs","display_name":"small molecule anticancer agents","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temozolomide","display_name":"temozolomide","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-growth-inhibition","display_name":"cell growth inhibition","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticancer-drug-discovery","display_name":"anticancer drug discovery","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777389519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425088","display_name":"Temozolomide","level":3,"score":0.8546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776074239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2452042","display_name":"Sulforhodamine B","level":4,"score":0.8131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.7626000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53227056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189152","display_name":"Viability assay","level":3,"score":0.7294999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.5752000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84425145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422492","display_name":"Tubulin","level":3,"score":0.510699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.5076000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109316439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181","display_name":"Cytotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.48669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62112901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189159","display_name":"Cell growth","level":2,"score":0.475600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.43540000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.41839998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777827897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5436005","display_name":"Farnesyltransferase inhibitor","level":5,"score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33618052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6013136","display_name":"In vitro toxicology","level":3,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779707156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611758","display_name":"Growth inhibition","level":3,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ph18121891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18121891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18121891","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/12/1891/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16322639","display_name":"Pharmaceuticals","issn_l":"1424-8247","issn":["1424-8247"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceuticals","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202510.1281.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202510.1281.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202510.1281.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13019412","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41471380/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13019412/pdf/pharmaceuticals-18-01891.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41471380","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41471380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c1bbac3d16d042208e2277555008c289","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c1bbac3d16d042208e2277555008c289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceuticals, Vol 18, Iss 12, p 1891 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ph18121891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18121891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18121891","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/12/1891/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16322639","display_name":"Pharmaceuticals","issn_l":"1424-8247","issn":["1424-8247"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceuticals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000859374","display_name":"Therapeutic targeting of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler to regulate GBM chemosensitivity","funder_award_id":"R01CA281977","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000884713","display_name":"Targeting the colchicine binding site in tubulin for cancer therapy","funder_award_id":"R01CA148706","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000915704","display_name":"Targeting brain and bone metastases in metastatic breast cancer for improved patient survival","funder_award_id":"R01CA276152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F3773434220","display_name":"Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, University of Tennessee","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417317397.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417317397.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199447113","https://openalex.org/W1971579914","https://openalex.org/W1973348736","https://openalex.org/W1982977272","https://openalex.org/W2006454600","https://openalex.org/W2016264180","https://openalex.org/W2016341726","https://openalex.org/W2054235745","https://openalex.org/W2087819866","https://openalex.org/W2091598442","https://openalex.org/W2093855538","https://openalex.org/W2096287682","https://openalex.org/W2121052942","https://openalex.org/W2134473297","https://openalex.org/W2237971187","https://openalex.org/W2324908283","https://openalex.org/W2460192074","https://openalex.org/W2983651671","https://openalex.org/W3106639241","https://openalex.org/W3120090335","https://openalex.org/W3125187828","https://openalex.org/W3195850921","https://openalex.org/W4214819424","https://openalex.org/W4240072870","https://openalex.org/W4309745350","https://openalex.org/W4313345968","https://openalex.org/W4317871174","https://openalex.org/W4321435912","https://openalex.org/W4353044670","https://openalex.org/W4401335830","https://openalex.org/W4407414053","https://openalex.org/W4412110410","https://openalex.org/W4412398082","https://openalex.org/W4413310945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383262438","https://openalex.org/W1982016147","https://openalex.org/W4391683428","https://openalex.org/W4410556848","https://openalex.org/W4391642918","https://openalex.org/W1870765482","https://openalex.org/W4410581274","https://openalex.org/W4412714587","https://openalex.org/W2147203601","https://openalex.org/W4310765776"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Glioblastoma":[1],"(GBM)":[2],"is":[3,160],"an":[4],"aggressive":[5],"and":[6,24,67,94,110,144,177,189,249,252],"treatment-resistant":[7],"brain":[8],"tumor":[9],"with":[10,164],"few":[11],"effective":[12],"therapies.":[13],"Tubulin":[14],"polymers":[15],"are":[16],"crucial":[17],"for":[18,71,152,172],"maintaining":[19],"cell\u2013cell":[20],"signaling,":[21],"cell":[22,25,75,82,104,108,115,141,183,203],"proliferation,":[23],"division.":[26],"Therefore,":[27],"tubulin":[28,49,239],"has":[29,243],"been":[30],"targeted":[31],"by":[32,234],"medicinal":[33],"chemists":[34],"to":[35,39,54,216],"develop":[36],"novel":[37,47],"therapeutics":[38,53],"treat":[40,55],"cancer.":[41],"In":[42,222],"this":[43],"regard,":[44],"we":[45],"developed":[46],"small-molecule":[48],"inhibitors":[50],"as":[51,89,168],"potential":[52],"GBM.":[56],"Methods:":[57],"We":[58,85,118,155],"synthesized":[59],"a":[60,114,161,165,186],"focused":[61],"library":[62],"of":[63,100],"pyrimidine-containing":[64],"dihydroquinoxalinone-based":[65],"analogs":[66],"tested":[68,120],"nine":[69],"compounds":[70,135],"cytotoxicity":[72],"in":[73,97,124,130,140,175,178,185,201,231,247,250],"GBM":[74,103,127,153,173,202,228],"lines":[76],"using":[77,106,113],"the":[78,90,96,148,169],"Sulforhodamine":[79],"B":[80],"(SRB)":[81],"viability":[83,142,184],"assay.":[84],"identified":[86,156],"compound":[87,93,157,208,224,241],"8c":[88,101,181,209,225,242],"most":[91],"promising":[92],"evaluated":[95],"vitro":[98,176,248],"effects":[99],"on":[102,126],"growth":[105,192,230],"live":[107],"imaging":[109],"assessed":[111],"apoptosis":[112,218],"death":[116],"ELISA.":[117],"then":[119],"its":[121],"anticancer":[122],"activity":[123,246],"vivo":[125,251],"xenografts":[128],"grown":[129],"immunocompromised":[131,232],"mice.":[132],"Results:":[133],"Several":[134],"demonstrated":[136],"nanomolar":[137],"IC50":[138],"values":[139],"assays":[143],"outperformed":[145],"temozolomide":[146],"(TMZ),":[147],"current":[149],"standard":[150],"treatment":[151],"patients.":[154],"8c,":[158],"which":[159],"pyrimidine":[162],"analog":[163],"secondary":[166],"amine,":[167],"lead":[170],"candidate":[171],"studies":[174],"vivo.":[179],"Compound":[180],"reduced":[182],"dose-dependent":[187,211],"manner":[188],"induced":[190],"complete":[191],"arrest":[193],"within":[194],"48":[195],"h":[196],"at":[197,219],"3\u201310":[198],"nM":[199,220],"concentrations":[200],"lines.":[204],"ELISA":[205],"confirmed":[206],"that":[207],"triggered":[210],"apoptosis,":[212],"whereas":[213],"TMZ":[214],"failed":[215],"induce":[217],"concentrations.":[221],"vivo,":[223],"significantly":[226],"inhibited":[227],"xenograft":[229],"mice":[233],"66%.":[235],"Conclusions:":[236],"The":[237],"potent":[238],"inhibitor":[240],"strong":[244],"anti-GBM":[245],"merits":[253],"further":[254],"preclinical":[255],"development.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-12-15T00:00:00"}