{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417311237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31973/p28tm993","title":"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644","display_name":"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417311237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31973/p28tm993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31973/p28tm993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31973/p28tm993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31973/p28tm993","pdf_url":"https://aladabj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/aladabjournal/article/download/5146/4129","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209768","display_name":"Al-Adab Journal","issn_l":"1994-473X","issn":["1994-473X","2706-9931"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Adab Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aladabj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/aladabjournal/article/download/5146/4129","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120798618","display_name":"\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0628","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0628","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629/ \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629/ \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046368077","display_name":"\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9384-6213","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9384-6213"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629/ \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629/ \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"],"apc_list":{"value":100000,"currency":"IQD","value_usd":200},"apc_paid":{"value":100000,"currency":"IQD","value_usd":200},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35942895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"155","first_page":"45","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13912","display_name":"Language, Linguistics, Cultural Analysis","score":0.8628000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13912","display_name":"Language, Linguistics, Cultural Analysis","score":0.8628000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.08129999786615372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14037","display_name":"Arabic Language Education Studies","score":0.031099999323487282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic-grammar","display_name":"Arabic grammar","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic-syntax","display_name":"Arabic syntax","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammatical-change","display_name":"grammatical change","score":0.48399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.19869999587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.19499999284744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1906999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1860000044107437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.18389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.16580000519752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.16410000622272491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16120000183582306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.15870000422000885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31973/p28tm993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31973/p28tm993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31973/p28tm993","pdf_url":"https://aladabj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/aladabjournal/article/download/5146/4129","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209768","display_name":"Al-Adab Journal","issn_l":"1994-473X","issn":["1994-473X","2706-9931"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Adab Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:24bf3db2f8d34c50831208bfa2744883","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/24bf3db2f8d34c50831208bfa2744883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628, Iss 155 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31973/p28tm993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31973/p28tm993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31973/p28tm993","pdf_url":"https://aladabj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/aladabjournal/article/download/5146/4129","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209768","display_name":"Al-Adab Journal","issn_l":"1994-473X","issn":["1994-473X","2706-9931"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Adab Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417311237.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417311237.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2609353496","https://openalex.org/W2981542541","https://openalex.org/W4234835824"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644":[0],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b":[1,44,82,120,181],"\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631":[2,85],"\u0645\u0646":[3,10,86,96,123,193],"\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629":[4,87,165],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644":[5,88,158,166],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639":[6,89,159,167],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[7,53,62,139],"\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644":[8],"\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629":[9],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a":[11],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649":[12],"\u0641\u064a":[13,21,25,33,45,50,58,64,72,77,90,93,103,109,119,128,131,144,152,160,168,172,175,187,191],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0633":[14,91,161],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651":[15],"\u0639\u0646\u062f":[16],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c":[17],"\u0648\u0642\u062f":[18,178],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627":[19],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646":[20],"\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647":[22,145,188],"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644":[23,29,192],"\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629":[24],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648":[26],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641\u060c":[27],"\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627":[28],"\u062a\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0644":[30],"\u0628\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629":[31],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629":[32,57,67,115,171],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641":[34,79,105,132],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c":[35,106,133],"\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a":[36],"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627":[37],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[38,48,75,126,141,183],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[39,55,70,113],"\u0628\u0627\u0628":[40,59,98,129,173],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c":[41,99],"\u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649":[42],"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629":[43],"\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646":[46],"\u0623\u062b\u0631":[47],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629":[49,76,127,142,184],"\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631":[51,110,169],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a":[52,111],"\u0637\u0631\u0623\u062a":[54],"\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629":[56,66,114,170],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644":[60,174],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u060c":[61],"\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a":[63],"\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631":[65],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c":[68],"\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629":[69],"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647":[71],"\u0643\u0634\u0641":[73],"\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f":[74],"\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629":[78],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651.":[80],"\u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641":[81],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[83],"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[84],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651":[92],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629":[94,176],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629":[95],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[97,124],"\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646":[100],"\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627":[101],"\u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627":[102],"\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629":[104],"\u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632":[107],"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627":[108],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629":[112],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0644\u0651\u0629":[116],"\u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627.":[117],"\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627":[118],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c":[121],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651":[122],"\u0631\u0635\u062f":[125],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644":[130],"\u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641":[134],"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c":[135],"\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061b":[136],"\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641":[137],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629":[138],"\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645":[140],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629":[143],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649":[146,189],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629":[147,190],"\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631":[148],"\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627.":[149],"\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a":[150],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[151],"\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u061b":[153],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b":[154],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644":[155],"\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0647":[156],"\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645":[157],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u060c":[162],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a":[163],"\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631":[164],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.":[177],"\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a":[179],"\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c":[180],"\u0623\u0646\u0651":[182],"\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a":[185],"\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0629":[186],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2025-12-15T00:00:00"}