{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417198475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247497","title":"Design and Demonstration of Compact and Lightweight Imaging Spectrometer Based on Schwarzschild Reflector Systems Using Commercial Off-the-Shelf Optics","display_name":"Design and Demonstration of Compact and Lightweight Imaging Spectrometer Based on Schwarzschild Reflector Systems Using Commercial Off-the-Shelf Optics","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417198475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247497","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41471492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s25247497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/24/7497/pdf?version=1765346903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/24/7497/pdf?version=1765346903","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100777115","display_name":"Shuai Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8709-7292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8709-7292"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100712730","display_name":"Min Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6735-1612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6735-1612"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052017338","display_name":"Xue-Hui Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036225682","display_name":"Fengkun Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7861-1853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7861-1853"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengkun Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7861-1853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037175024","display_name":"Han Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-3780","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-3780"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-3780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100321168","display_name":"Zixuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3091-7162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3091-7162"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101361676","display_name":"Wenhao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7536-6558","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7536-6558"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336733","display_name":"Guangming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3878-8177","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3878-8177"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062238570","display_name":"Zhanchao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-5696","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-5696"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanchao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-5696","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peng Jiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Stealthy Engineering Technology, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Stealthy Engineering Technology, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101799159","display_name":"Wei Jian Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6841-1357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6841-1357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016294494","display_name":"Lulu Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4115-2409","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4115-2409"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lulu Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100730045","display_name":"Guifeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9112-9448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9112-9448"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guifeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100730045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.9485,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72687709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"24","first_page":"7497","last_page":"7497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.8949999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.8949999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12050","display_name":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","score":0.039799999445676804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-and-near-infrared","display_name":"visible and near-infrared","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pushbroom-imaging","display_name":"pushbroom imaging","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plane-grating","display_name":"plane grating","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-axis-mirrors","display_name":"off-axis mirrors","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-calibration","display_name":"spectral calibration","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-spectral-signatures","display_name":"vegetation spectral signatures","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"precision agriculture","score":0.6190000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7261000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33390570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188463","display_name":"Spectrometer","level":2,"score":0.5443000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124967146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457898","display_name":"Spectral resolution","level":3,"score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87367554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1087688","display_name":"Chromatic aberration","level":3,"score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3232514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575196","display_name":"Spectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.4810999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4634999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778415886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1823435","display_name":"Reflector (photography)","level":3,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138395690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376733","display_name":"Cardinal point","level":2,"score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150627866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076893","display_name":"Field of view","level":2,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142930","display_name":"CubeSat","level":3,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183852935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002848","display_name":"Imaging spectrometer","level":3,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115304011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72755","display_name":"Schwarzschild radius","level":3,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31872934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417028","display_name":"Optical path","level":2,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82552819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193540","display_name":"Focal length","level":3,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120515352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564580","display_name":"Image plane","level":3,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196956537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202021","display_name":"Chromatic scale","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114700698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882278","display_name":"Spectral bands","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779132550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639","display_name":"Optical aberration","level":3,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s25247497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/24/7497/pdf?version=1765346903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41471492","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41471492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d479862edec640b7abb2b974c10c66c4","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d479862edec640b7abb2b974c10c66c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 25, Iss 24, p 7497 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12737068","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12737068/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s25247497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/24/7497/pdf?version=1765346903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417198475.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417198475.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963843197","https://openalex.org/W1970016211","https://openalex.org/W1972241184","https://openalex.org/W1987949419","https://openalex.org/W2032430679","https://openalex.org/W2086811427","https://openalex.org/W2529267290","https://openalex.org/W2788537252","https://openalex.org/W2843415492","https://openalex.org/W2958568830","https://openalex.org/W2969933026","https://openalex.org/W2990240598","https://openalex.org/W3090700303","https://openalex.org/W3125103848","https://openalex.org/W3127364548","https://openalex.org/W3164275378","https://openalex.org/W3176883489","https://openalex.org/W3181729304","https://openalex.org/W3196393328","https://openalex.org/W3197961809","https://openalex.org/W3212685749","https://openalex.org/W4205251913","https://openalex.org/W4210577099","https://openalex.org/W4225146933","https://openalex.org/W4251395694","https://openalex.org/W4281255185","https://openalex.org/W4283257312","https://openalex.org/W4311378005","https://openalex.org/W4380450526","https://openalex.org/W4393154826","https://openalex.org/W4400120506","https://openalex.org/W4400724905","https://openalex.org/W4409727181","https://openalex.org/W4411162182"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperspectral":[0],"imaging":[1],"systems":[2,16],"are":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6],"precision":[7,177,260],"agriculture,":[8,261],"environmental":[9,262],"monitoring,":[10,263],"and":[11,24,26,39,47,67,84,95,108,124,133,141,157,164,184,208,229,266],"mineral":[12,264],"exploration.":[13],"However,":[14],"current":[15],"often":[17],"suffer":[18],"from":[19],"high":[20],"cost,":[21,46],"large":[22],"size":[23],"weight,":[25],"considerable":[27],"system":[28,90],"complexity,":[29],"which":[30,145],"hinder":[31],"their":[32,234],"widespread":[33],"deployment.":[34],"To":[35],"overcome":[36],"these":[37],"limitations":[38],"achieve":[40],"a":[41,54,75,109,134,176,188,193,202,209,252],"better":[42],"balance":[43],"between":[44],"performance,":[45],"portability,":[48],"this":[49],"work":[50],"aims":[51],"to":[52,129,220],"develop":[53],"compact,":[55],"cost-effective":[56],"visible-to-near-infrared":[57],"(VNIR,":[58],"400-1000":[59,206],"nm)":[60,241],"hyperspectral":[61],"camera":[62,250],"based":[63,232],"on":[64,175,233],"Schwarzschild":[65,127],"configuration":[66],"commercial":[68],"off-the-shelf":[69],"(COTS)":[70],"components.":[71],"The":[72,87,116,249],"development":[73],"followed":[74],"comprehensive":[76],"methodology":[77],"encompassing":[78],"theoretical":[79],"design,":[80],"simulation,":[81],"prototype":[82,172],"assembly,":[83],"performance":[85,138],"testing.":[86],"all-reflective":[88],"optical":[89,117,120,178],"effectively":[91],"eliminates":[92],"chromatic":[93],"aberration":[94],"minimizes":[96],"energy":[97],"loss,":[98],"achieving":[99,192],"an":[100],"integration":[101],"time":[102],"as":[103,105,162],"short":[104],"several":[106,169],"milliseconds":[107],"push-broom":[110],"frame":[111],"rate":[112],"of":[113,205,211,243],"200":[114],"fps.":[115],"design":[118],"leveraged":[119],"path":[121],"length":[122],"theory":[123],"the":[125,217,237],"unobscured":[126],"structure":[128],"optimize":[130],"off-axis":[131],"mirrors":[132],"plane":[135],"grating.":[136],"Optical":[137],"was":[139,173],"optimized":[140],"verified":[142,201],"using":[143,180],"simulations,":[144],"confirmed":[146],"that":[147,158],"spot":[148],"sizes":[149],"at":[150],"all":[151],"field":[152],"positions":[153],"were":[154,166],"highly":[155],"concentrated":[156],"critical":[159],"distortions":[160],"such":[161],"smile":[163],"keystone":[165],"controlled":[167],"within":[168],"pixels.":[170],"A":[171],"assembled":[174],"bench":[179],"multi-axis":[181],"adjustable":[182],"mounts":[183],"then":[185],"integrated":[186],"into":[187],"precisely":[189],"machined":[190],"housing,":[191],"total":[194],"weight":[195],"less":[196],"than":[197],"2":[198],"kg.":[199],"Calibration":[200],"spectral":[203,223,235],"coverage":[204],"nm":[207],"resolution":[210],"5":[212],"nm.":[213],"Imaging":[214],"experiments":[215],"demonstrated":[216],"system's":[218],"ability":[219],"resolve":[221],"subtle":[222],"features,":[224],"successfully":[225],"distinguishing":[226],"different":[227],"vegetations":[228],"artificial":[230],"materials":[231],"signatures-particularly":[236],"strong":[238],"NIR":[239],"(780-1000":[240],"reflectance":[242],"vegetation":[244],"versus":[245],"synthetic":[246],"green":[247],"materials.":[248],"offers":[251],"high-performance,":[253],"low-cost":[254],"solution":[255],"suitable":[256],"for":[257],"applications":[258],"including":[259],"exploration,":[265],"others.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-12-10T00:00:00"}