{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417067008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2026.105196","title":"Reducing car use to support local climate goals: The potential role of small and medium-sized employers","display_name":"Reducing car use to support local climate goals: The potential role of small and medium-sized employers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417067008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2026.105196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.tra.2026.105196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2026.105196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2026.105196","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096585642600337X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159637997","display_name":"Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice","issn_l":"0965-8564","issn":["0965-8564","1879-2375"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096585642600337X/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jesse Wise","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1187-2916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1187-2916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jesse Wise","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1187-2916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012606238","display_name":"Lorraine E. Whitmarsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-1040","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-1040"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorraine Whitmarsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-1040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061482434","display_name":"Sam Hampton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0596-9710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0596-9710"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Hampton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0596-9710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"],"apc_list":{"value":3270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3270},"apc_paid":{"value":3270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3270},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0066478,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"215","issue":null,"first_page":"105196","last_page":"105196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.5156000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.5156000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.10159999877214432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.09470000118017197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-use-reduction","display_name":"car use reduction","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-climate-action","display_name":"corporate climate action","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commuting","display_name":"commuting","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-transport","display_name":"sustainable transport","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5065000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local government","level":2,"score":0.24379999935626984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.24250000715255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.24210000038146973}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.tra.2026.105196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2026.105196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2026.105196","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096585642600337X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159637997","display_name":"Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice","issn_l":"0965-8564","issn":["0965-8564","1879-2375"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.5871923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5871923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5871923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.tra.2026.105196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2026.105196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2026.105196","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096585642600337X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159637997","display_name":"Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice","issn_l":"0965-8564","issn":["0965-8564","1879-2375"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.875},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.685699999332428},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5374000072479248}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4424292033","display_name":"EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Advanced Automotive Propulsion Systems","funder_award_id":"EP/S023364/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320322","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417067008.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417067008.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W579389556","https://openalex.org/W1005986184","https://openalex.org/W1757283591","https://openalex.org/W1978466210","https://openalex.org/W1997964974","https://openalex.org/W2010822519","https://openalex.org/W2016054566","https://openalex.org/W2031338242","https://openalex.org/W2034992247","https://openalex.org/W2041036198","https://openalex.org/W2070024519","https://openalex.org/W2083451526","https://openalex.org/W2084460824","https://openalex.org/W2091903231","https://openalex.org/W2101386393","https://openalex.org/W2106380071","https://openalex.org/W2121495210","https://openalex.org/W2136608905","https://openalex.org/W2146706569","https://openalex.org/W2151786767","https://openalex.org/W2169017803","https://openalex.org/W2209759034","https://openalex.org/W2581600877","https://openalex.org/W2639423486","https://openalex.org/W2674995983","https://openalex.org/W2768195833","https://openalex.org/W2943039440","https://openalex.org/W2964422804","https://openalex.org/W2978033587","https://openalex.org/W3011096723","https://openalex.org/W3039295994","https://openalex.org/W3092536534","https://openalex.org/W3113679868","https://openalex.org/W3123769199","https://openalex.org/W3125524745","https://openalex.org/W3138924678","https://openalex.org/W3167439219","https://openalex.org/W3171507513","https://openalex.org/W4200565923","https://openalex.org/W4205209243","https://openalex.org/W4310134830","https://openalex.org/W4366694846","https://openalex.org/W4379929194","https://openalex.org/W4381996817","https://openalex.org/W4391896730","https://openalex.org/W4400182522","https://openalex.org/W4407133807","https://openalex.org/W4409590512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3198279767","https://openalex.org/W7163222995","https://openalex.org/W6992180157","https://openalex.org/W3173670522","https://openalex.org/W2610931974","https://openalex.org/W2410610423","https://openalex.org/W65022900","https://openalex.org/W7100646853","https://openalex.org/W7096627982","https://openalex.org/W175018778"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Widespread":[0],"adoption":[1,168],"of":[2,38,52,83,146,169,193,206,209,217],"Transport":[3],"Demand":[4],"Management":[5],"(TDM)":[6],"would":[7,93],"significantly":[8],"reduce":[9],"congestion,":[10],"pollution,":[11],"and":[12,23,46,102,138,160,176,225],"carbon":[13],"emissions.":[14],"Employers":[15,164],"can":[16,151],"implement":[17],"some":[18],"TDM":[19,42,56,72,220],"measures":[20,26,73,92],"more":[21],"quickly":[22],"acceptably":[24],"than":[25],"which":[27,91],"must":[28],"be":[29,118],"implemented":[30,119],"by":[31,88,120],"authorities.":[32],"This":[33],"study":[34],"evaluates":[35],"the":[36,81,143,167,207,215],"role":[37,51,216],"employers":[39,48,121,150],"in":[40,54,219],"achieving":[41],"targets,":[43],"including":[44],"small":[45],"medium":[47],"(SMEs).":[49],"The":[50],"SMEs":[53,184,218],"implementing":[55],"strategies":[57],"has":[58],"been":[59],"under-researched":[60],"despite":[61],"them":[62],"comprising":[63],"most":[64],"private-sector":[65],"employment.":[66],"We":[67,109],"evaluated":[68],"demand":[69],"for":[70],"employer-led":[71],"using":[74],"a":[75,104,162,204,223],"Travel":[76],"to":[77,100,155,180,196,228,237,242],"Work":[78],"survey":[79],"from":[80],"West":[82],"England":[84],"(n=20,017).":[85],"Employees":[86],"commuting":[87],"car":[89,158],"reported":[90],"facilitate":[94],"walking,":[95,156],"cycling,":[96,157],"public":[97,139],"transport,":[98],"car-sharing":[99],"work,":[101],"purchasing":[103,161],"battery":[105],"electric":[106],"vehicle":[107],"(BEV).":[108],"categorised":[110],"these":[111,246],"\u2018enablers\u2019":[112],"based":[113],"on":[114,239],"whether":[115],"they":[116],"could":[117,185,232],"(e.g.,":[122,128],"lockers)":[123],"or":[124],"required":[125],"government":[126],"action":[127],"cycle":[129,178,197],"lanes).":[130],"Results":[131,202],"suggest":[132],"authority-led":[133],"measures,":[134],"like":[135],"improved":[136],"infrastructure":[137],"transport":[140],"provision,":[141],"are":[142],"primary":[144],"enablers":[145],"modal":[147,182],"shift.":[148,183],"However,":[149],"meaningfully":[152],"support":[153],"shifts":[154],"sharing,":[159],"BEV.":[163],"should":[165],"prioritise":[166],"showering":[170],"facilities,":[171],"drying":[172],"rooms,":[173],"storage":[174],"lockers":[175],"secure":[177],"parking":[179],"achieve":[181],"enable":[186],"an":[187],"equal,":[188],"if":[189],"not":[190],"greater,":[191],"proportion":[192],"their":[194,199],"employees":[195],"as":[198],"larger":[200],"counterparts.":[201],"invite":[203],"re-assessment":[205],"impact":[208],"area-based":[210,234],"workplace":[211],"travel":[212,235],"plans.":[213],"Overlooking":[214],"risks":[221],"missing":[222],"rapid":[224],"acceptable":[226],"approach":[227],"decarbonisation.":[229],"Constrained":[230],"authorities":[231],"re-assess":[233],"plans":[236],"capitalise":[238],"this":[240],"opportunity":[241],"influence":[243],"commutes":[244],"through":[245],"trusted":[247],"middle":[248],"actors.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2025-12-06T00:00:00"}