{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417049792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2503.23547","title":"NRC VAD Lexicon v2: Norms for Valence, Arousal, and Dominance for over 55k English Terms","display_name":"NRC VAD Lexicon v2: Norms for Valence, Arousal, and Dominance for over 55k English Terms","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417049792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2503.23547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.23547","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23547","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.23547","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.23547","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033684482","display_name":"Saif M. Mohammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2716-7516","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2716-7516"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad, Saif M.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033684482"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.6801999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.6801999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.27250000834465027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valence","display_name":"valence","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arousal","display_name":"arousal","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dominance","display_name":"dominance","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-ratings","display_name":"human ratings","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-regulation","display_name":"emotion regulation","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-cognition","display_name":"social cognition","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embeddings","display_name":"word embeddings","score":0.35899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.88919997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6086999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151913843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555","display_name":"Dominance (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776671715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655170","display_name":"Mental lexicon","level":2,"score":0.4855000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168900304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171407","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994561563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187588","display_name":"Social category","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.23547","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23547","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.23547","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2503.23547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2503.23547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2503.23547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.23547","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23547","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.23547","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416766503","https://openalex.org/W2798357113","https://openalex.org/W2023736093","https://openalex.org/W2043632943","https://openalex.org/W7099849369","https://openalex.org/W7135414260","https://openalex.org/W6958483683","https://openalex.org/W2524501369","https://openalex.org/W2124217660","https://openalex.org/W6887949329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Factor":[0],"analysis":[1],"studies":[2],"have":[3],"shown":[4],"that":[5,107],"the":[6,47,54,59,96,108],"primary":[7],"dimensions":[8,31],"of":[9,35,68,119],"word":[10],"meaning":[11],"are":[12,110],"Valence":[13],"(V),":[14],"Arousal":[15],"(A),":[16],"and":[17,41,50,71,79,128],"Dominance":[18],"(D)":[19],"(also":[20],"referred":[21],"to":[22,44,89],"in":[23,46,121],"social":[24,39,129],"cognition":[25],"research":[26,120,141],"as":[27],"Competence":[28],"(C)).":[29],"These":[30],"impact":[32],"various":[33],"aspects":[34],"our":[36,143],"lives":[37],"from":[38],"competence":[40],"emotion":[42],"regulation":[43],"success":[45],"work":[48],"place":[49],"how":[51],"we":[52],"view":[53],"world.":[55],"We":[56,105],"present":[57],"here":[58],"NRC":[60,132],"VAD":[61,133],"Lexicon":[62,134],"v2,":[63],"which":[64],"has":[65],"human":[66],"ratings":[67],"valence,":[69],"arousal,":[70],"dominance":[72],"for":[73,85,95,100,140],"more":[74],"than":[75],"55,000":[76],"English":[77],"words":[78,88],"phrases.":[80],"Notably,":[81],"it":[82],"adds":[83],"entries":[84,99],"$\\sim$25k":[86],"additional":[87],"v1.0.":[90],"It":[91],"also":[92],"now":[93],"includes":[94],"first":[97],"time":[98],"common":[101],"multi-word":[102],"phrases":[103],"(~10k).":[104],"show":[106],"associations":[109],"highly":[111],"reliable.":[112],"The":[113,131],"lexicon":[114],"enables":[115],"a":[116],"wide":[117],"variety":[118],"psychology,":[122],"NLP,":[123],"public":[124],"health,":[125],"digital":[126],"humanities,":[127],"sciences.":[130],"v2":[135],"is":[136],"made":[137],"freely":[138],"available":[139],"through":[142],"project":[144],"webpage.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}