{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417025977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/icair.5.1.4276","title":"The Impact of Human-AI Interaction Patterns on Problem Solving, AI Literacy, and Metacognition","display_name":"The Impact of Human-AI Interaction Patterns on Problem Solving, AI Literacy, and Metacognition","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417025977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/icair.5.1.4276"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.34190/icair.5.1.4276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/icair.5.1.4276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34190/icair.5.1.4276","pdf_url":"https://papers.academic-conferences.org/index.php/icair/article/download/4276/3937","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404676433","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on AI Research.","issn_l":"3049-5628","issn":["3049-5628","3049-5857"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on AI Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://papers.academic-conferences.org/index.php/icair/article/download/4276/3937","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075464643","display_name":"Wenting Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3413-2450","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3413-2450"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenting Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087118192","display_name":"Jiangyue Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2648-6235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2648-6235"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangyue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soochow University , Jiangsu , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University , Jiangsu , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.9543,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97083477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"587","last_page":"596"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.5234000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.5234000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.260699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.1574999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-ai-interaction","display_name":"human-AI interaction","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-artificial-intelligence-in-education","display_name":"generative AI in education","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-literacy","display_name":"AI literacy","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metacognition","display_name":"metacognition","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-self-regulation","display_name":"student self-regulation","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-solving","display_name":"problem solving","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interaction-patterns","display_name":"interaction patterns","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-scaffolding","display_name":"AI scaffolding","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metacognitive-strategies","display_name":"metacognitive strategies","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-performance","display_name":"task performance","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-clustering","display_name":"sequence clustering","score":0.6359999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118147538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126970","display_name":"Metacognition","level":3,"score":0.8551999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6757000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6392999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5712000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5698000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776987068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5136701","display_name":"Cluster grouping","level":2,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40506919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452469","display_name":"Sequence learning","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150681269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2380771","display_name":"Cognitive style","level":3,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134290984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141241","display_name":"Cognitive skill","level":3,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.34190/icair.5.1.4276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/icair.5.1.4276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34190/icair.5.1.4276","pdf_url":"https://papers.academic-conferences.org/index.php/icair/article/download/4276/3937","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404676433","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on AI Research.","issn_l":"3049-5628","issn":["3049-5628","3049-5857"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on AI Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:papers.academic-conferences.org:article/4276","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.academic-conferences.org/index.php/icair/article/view/4276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404676433","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on AI Research.","issn_l":"3049-5628","issn":["3049-5628","3049-5857"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3049-5628","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.34190/icair.5.1.4276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/icair.5.1.4276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34190/icair.5.1.4276","pdf_url":"https://papers.academic-conferences.org/index.php/icair/article/download/4276/3937","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404676433","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on AI Research.","issn_l":"3049-5628","issn":["3049-5628","3049-5857"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on AI Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417025977.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417025977.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1948664808","https://openalex.org/W2036731641","https://openalex.org/W3029022390","https://openalex.org/W3173382873","https://openalex.org/W4205433266","https://openalex.org/W4213430857","https://openalex.org/W4311304944","https://openalex.org/W4366549077","https://openalex.org/W4367626887","https://openalex.org/W4378628090","https://openalex.org/W4379878854","https://openalex.org/W4389523721","https://openalex.org/W4389804697","https://openalex.org/W4390414972","https://openalex.org/W4392239564","https://openalex.org/W4392342858","https://openalex.org/W4392452962","https://openalex.org/W4392932744","https://openalex.org/W4399391262","https://openalex.org/W4399455976","https://openalex.org/W4404361386","https://openalex.org/W4404523710","https://openalex.org/W4404826297","https://openalex.org/W7093872604"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223216598","https://openalex.org/W7214778428","https://openalex.org/W7125436972","https://openalex.org/W4406785978","https://openalex.org/W7166188611","https://openalex.org/W4411268403","https://openalex.org/W7140200430","https://openalex.org/W7127109765","https://openalex.org/W4415965959","https://openalex.org/W7161710191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human-AI":[0],"interaction,":[1],"particularly":[2],"in":[3,38,83,125,147,156,250,349],"educational":[4],"contexts,":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,23,84,222,262],"dynamic":[8],"and":[9,40,57,67,95,106,143,163,178,187,195,202,227,235,241,253,265,280,296,325,336,343,357],"cognitively":[10],"demanding":[11],"process":[12],"that":[13,28,209],"holds":[14],"promise":[15],"for":[16,294,316,328,354],"enhancing":[17],"goal-directed":[18],"learning.":[19],"Yet,":[20],"there":[21],"remains":[22],"scarcity":[24],"of":[25,257,283,298,307,345],"empirical":[26],"studies":[27],"examine":[29],"how":[30,41],"learners\u2019":[31],"interaction":[32,55,101,118,173,278,287],"with":[33,75,129,174],"generative":[34],"AI":[35,61,200,251,275,309],"(GenAI)":[36],"varies":[37],"structure":[39],"these":[42],"patterns":[43],"influence":[44],"distinct":[45,117],"learning":[46,191,228,300],"outcomes.":[47],"This":[48,151,289],"study":[49,74,290],"investigates":[50],"the":[51,148,255,281,305],"relationship":[52],"between":[53,225],"human-AI":[54,100,211],"processes":[56,137],"outcomes":[58],"such":[59],"as":[60,221,232],"literacy,":[62],"problem-solving":[63,157],"skills,":[64],"metacognitive":[65,203,236],"strategies,":[66],"task":[68,126,284],"performance.":[69],"We":[70],"conducted":[71],"an":[72],"experimental":[73],"45":[76],"secondary":[77],"school":[78],"physics":[79],"student":[80],"teachers":[81],"engaged":[82],"GenAI-supported":[85],"lesson":[86],"plan":[87],"assessment":[88,240],"task.":[89],"Using":[90],"questionnaire":[91],"responses,":[92],"trace":[93],"data,":[94,279],"prompt":[96,215,267],"logs,":[97],"we":[98,114],"coded":[99],"behaviours":[102,219],"based":[103],"on":[104,286],"self-regulation":[105],"cognitive":[107,145,176,234],"processing":[108,177],"levels.":[109],"Through":[110],"sequence":[111],"clustering":[112],"analysis,":[113],"identified":[115],"two":[116],"patterns.":[119],"Both":[120],"clusters":[121],"showed":[122,153],"significant":[123,154],"improvement":[124],"performance,":[127],"but":[128],"divergent":[130,141],"benefits.":[131],"Cluster":[132,166],"1":[133],"exhibited":[134],"diverse":[135],"regulation":[136,170,218,314],"characterized":[138],"by":[139],"exploratory,":[140],"prompting":[142,226],"low-level":[144],"engagement":[146],"early":[149],"stages.":[150],"group":[152],"gains":[155],"skills":[158],"through":[159],"active":[160],"idea":[161,323],"generation":[162,324],"broad":[164,322],"reflection.":[165],"2":[167],"demonstrated":[168],"structured":[169,217,329],"behaviours,":[171],"initiating":[172],"deep-level":[175],"convergent":[179],"prompting.":[180],"These":[181,244,338],"learners":[182],"made":[183],"more":[184],"deliberate":[185],"modifications":[186],"completed":[188],"full":[189],"self-regulated":[190],"(SRL)":[192],"cycles\u2014planning,":[193],"monitoring,":[194],"reflecting\u2014which":[196],"led":[197],"to":[198,247,311],"enhanced":[199],"literacy":[201],"strategy":[204],"use.":[205],"Our":[206],"findings":[207,339],"suggest":[208],"effective":[210],"collaboration":[212],"goes":[213],"beyond":[214],"diversity;":[216],"serve":[220],"key":[223],"mediator":[224],"gains.":[229],"GenAI":[230,347],"served":[231],"both":[233,341],"scaffolding,":[237],"facilitating":[238],"critical":[239],"productive":[242],"delegation.":[243],"results":[245],"contribute":[246],"SRL":[248],"theory":[249],"contexts":[252],"emphasize":[254],"importance":[256,306],"process-level":[258],"analysis.":[259,269],"Limitations":[260],"include":[261],"small":[263],"sample":[264],"limited":[266],"feature":[268],"Future":[270],"research":[271],"should":[272,332],"explore":[273],"emotion-aware":[274],"systems,":[276],"multimodal":[277],"impact":[282],"complexity":[285],"dynamics.":[288],"provides":[291],"practical":[292],"insights":[293],"educators":[295],"designers":[297],"AI-integrated":[299],"systems.":[301],"Specifically,":[302],"it":[303],"highlights":[304],"tailoring":[308],"scaffolds":[310,319,331],"different":[312],"learner":[313],"styles:":[315],"exploratory":[317],"learners,":[318,330],"can":[320],"encourage":[321],"reflection,":[326],"while":[327],"support":[333],"iterative":[334],"planning":[335],"monitoring.":[337],"underline":[340],"opportunities":[342],"limitations":[344],"current":[346],"use":[348],"classrooms,":[350],"suggesting":[351],"concrete":[352],"directions":[353],"teacher":[355],"practice":[356],"instructional":[358],"design.":[359]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-12-05T00:00:00"}
