{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416923974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257883","title":"An Overview of Large Language Models in 6G Radio Access Networks","display_name":"An Overview of Large Language Models in 6G Radio Access Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416923974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498712","display_name":"International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119294427","display_name":"Sedat \u00c7imen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1608-356X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1608-356X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sedat \u00c7imen","raw_affiliation_strings":["T\u00fcrk Telekom R&D"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T\u00fcrk Telekom R&D","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120579013","display_name":"M\u00fccahit Alt\u0131nta\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5796-3076","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5796-3076"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00fccahit Alt\u0131nta\u015f","raw_affiliation_strings":["T\u00fcrk Telekom R&D"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T\u00fcrk Telekom R&D","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118240494","display_name":"\u0130smail Duru","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismail Duru","raw_affiliation_strings":["T\u00fcrk Telekom R&D"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T\u00fcrk Telekom R&D","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084629651","display_name":"S\u00fcmeye Nur Karahan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7856-7053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7856-7053"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00fcmeye Nur Karahan","raw_affiliation_strings":["T\u00fcrk Telekom R&D"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T\u00fcrk Telekom R&D","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014385748","display_name":"\u0130brahim Yaz\u0131c\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-0530","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-0530"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Yaz\u0131c\u0131","raw_affiliation_strings":["T\u00fcrk Telekom R&D"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T\u00fcrk Telekom R&D","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78650101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.7968999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.7968999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.18230000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.014299999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/6g-radio-access-network","display_name":"6G radio access network","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"resource allocation","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-slicing","display_name":"network slicing","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-enforcement","display_name":"policy enforcement","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/llm-based-agents","display_name":"LLM agents","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-planning","display_name":"semantic planning","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-user-experience","display_name":"personalized user experience","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrieval-augmented-generation","display_name":"retrieval-augmented generation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-automation","display_name":"network automation","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy","display_name":"privacy","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-bias","display_name":"model bias","score":0.8650000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5964999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108074857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3067360","display_name":"Fault management","level":3,"score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3864000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62793504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228327","display_name":"Access network","level":2,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129763632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454667","display_name":"Network management","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182448111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281197","display_name":"Radio resource management","level":4,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498712","display_name":"International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389722428","https://openalex.org/W4391136507","https://openalex.org/W4391855109","https://openalex.org/W4401628481","https://openalex.org/W4401878796","https://openalex.org/W4402742293","https://openalex.org/W4402978375","https://openalex.org/W4403172155","https://openalex.org/W4403401276","https://openalex.org/W4404848611","https://openalex.org/W4405718293","https://openalex.org/W4406026075","https://openalex.org/W4406137434","https://openalex.org/W4407914316","https://openalex.org/W4409796734","https://openalex.org/W4411403346","https://openalex.org/W4411799547","https://openalex.org/W4412130408","https://openalex.org/W4412722283","https://openalex.org/W4414538737","https://openalex.org/W4415594524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7119064941","https://openalex.org/W4407310079","https://openalex.org/W7167348114","https://openalex.org/W4414754972","https://openalex.org/W7134933850","https://openalex.org/W4416582809","https://openalex.org/W7161023940","https://openalex.org/W4388650807","https://openalex.org/W7214193276","https://openalex.org/W4402978375"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,165],"integration":[1],"of":[2,24,43,69,97,121,135],"Large":[3],"Language":[4],"Models":[5],"(LLMs)":[6],"into":[7],"sixth-generation":[8],"(6G)":[9],"Radio":[10],"Access":[11],"Networks":[12],"(RAN)":[13],"represents":[14],"a":[15],"paradigm":[16],"shift":[17],"in":[18,72],"the":[19,63,95,114,133,146,149],"design,":[20],"operation,":[21],"and":[22,35,50,57,66,89,103,110,126,141,159,176],"automation":[23,120],"future":[25],"mobile":[26],"infrastructures.":[27],"With":[28],"their":[29],"advanced":[30],"reasoning,":[31],"natural":[32],"language":[33],"understanding,":[34],"context-aware":[36],"decisionmaking":[37],"capabilities,":[38],"LLMs":[39,71,98],"enable":[40],"intelligent":[41,177],"orchestration":[42],"network":[44,81],"functions":[45],"ranging":[46],"from":[47],"resource":[48,128],"allocation":[49],"slice":[51],"management":[52,82],"to":[53,99,152],"autonomous":[54],"fault":[55],"recovery":[56],"policy":[58],"enforcement.":[59],"This":[60],"study":[61,147],"explores":[62],"architectural":[64],"opportunities":[65],"operational":[67],"benefits":[68],"incorporating":[70],"6G":[73,170],"RAN.":[74],"We":[75],"detail":[76],"how":[77],"LLM-based":[78],"agents":[79],"enhance":[80],"efficiency":[83],"through":[84],"intent-driven":[85],"workflows,":[86],"real-time":[87],"analytics,":[88],"semantic":[90],"planning.":[91],"Additionally,":[92],"we":[93],"demonstrate":[94],"potential":[96],"improve":[100],"service":[101],"quality":[102],"user":[104],"experience":[105],"by":[106],"enabling":[107],"adaptive,":[108],"transparent,":[109],"personalized":[111],"interactions":[112],"with":[113,161],"network.":[115],"Key":[116],"application":[117],"areas,":[118],"including":[119,155],"RAN":[122,171],"operations,":[123],"enhanced":[124],"decision-making,":[125],"efficient":[127],"scheduling,":[129],"are":[130],"examined":[131],"within":[132],"context":[134],"emerging":[136],"frameworks":[137],"such":[138],"as":[139],"CommLLM":[140],"Retrieval-Augmented":[142],"Generation":[143],"(RAG).":[144],"Finally,":[145],"outlines":[148],"challenges":[150],"related":[151],"LLM":[153],"integration,":[154],"privacy,":[156],"model":[157],"bias,":[158],"compatibility":[160],"existing":[162],"telecom":[163],"infrastructure.":[164],"findings":[166],"emphasize":[167],"that":[168],"LLM-powered":[169],"promises":[172],"unprecedented":[173],"scalability,":[174],"flexibility,":[175],"automation.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-12-02T00:00:00"}