{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416896236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.11.1.1","title":"Experimental investigation for reducing emissions in the maritime industry","display_name":"Experimental investigation for reducing emissions in the maritime industry","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416896236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.11.1.1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14741/ijmcr/v.11.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.11.1.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.11.1.1","pdf_url":"https://ijmcr.com/index.php/ijmcr/article/download/11.01.01/92","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221939","display_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research","issn_l":"2321-3124","issn":["2321-3124"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijmcr.com/index.php/ijmcr/article/download/11.01.01/92","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120576923","display_name":"Mahmoud A. Farouk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud A. Farouk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering , Faculty of Engineering , Alexandria University , Alexandria 21544 , Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering , Faculty of Engineering , Alexandria University , Alexandria 21544 , Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086640740","display_name":"Mohamed M. Elgohary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4441-7812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4441-7812"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59272784","display_name":"Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/0004vyj87","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed M. Elgohary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine Engineering Technology , College of Maritime Transport & Technology , Arab Academy for Science , Technology and Maritime Transport , Alexandria 1029 , Egypt","Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering , Faculty of Engineering , Alexandria University , Alexandria 21544 , Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine Engineering Technology , College of Maritime Transport & Technology , Arab Academy for Science , Technology and Maritime Transport , Alexandria 1029 , Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering , Faculty of Engineering , Alexandria University , Alexandria 21544 , Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069733322","display_name":"Ashraf A. Zahran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9823-1285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9823-1285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I338016083","display_name":"University of Sadat City","ror":"https://ror.org/05p2q6194","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I338016083"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashraf A. Zahran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Environmental Studies and Research , University of Sadat City , Sadat City , Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Environmental Studies and Research , University of Sadat City , Sadat City , Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I338016083"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050401319","display_name":"Mohamed R. Shouman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-9815","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-9815"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59272784","display_name":"Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/0004vyj87","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed R. Shouman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine Engineering Technology , College of Maritime Transport & Technology , Arab Academy for Science , Technology and Maritime Transport , Alexandria 1029 , Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine Engineering Technology , College of Maritime Transport & Technology , Arab Academy for Science , Technology and Maritime Transport , Alexandria 1029 , Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12126","display_name":"Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12126","display_name":"Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13990","display_name":"Engine and Fuel Emissions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12425","display_name":"Industrial Gas Emission Control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ship-emissions","display_name":"ship emissions","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-diesel-engines","display_name":"marine diesel engines","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-diesel-oil","display_name":"marine diesel oil","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selective-catalytic-reduction","display_name":"selective catalytic reduction","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquefied-natural-gas","display_name":"liquefied natural gas","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nox-emissions","display_name":"NOx emissions","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sox-emissions","display_name":"SOx emissions","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particulate-matter","display_name":"particulate matter","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emission-reduction-technologies","display_name":"emission reduction technologies","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imo-emission-regulations","display_name":"IMO emission regulations","score":0.6069999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.7250999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424418","display_name":"Nitrogen oxide","level":4,"score":0.5993000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5932999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14034172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358333","display_name":"Liquefied natural gas","level":3,"score":0.5306000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780804531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174174","display_name":"Diesel engine","level":2,"score":0.5206000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82576440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214199","display_name":"Fuel oil","level":2,"score":0.5115000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779139147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320173","display_name":"Exhaust gas","level":2,"score":0.5092999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3432839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336041","display_name":"Diesel exhaust","level":3,"score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103206924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285028","display_name":"Exhaust gas recirculation","level":3,"score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.4207000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777207669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43648","display_name":"Hydrocarbon","level":2,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15752686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901171","display_name":"Selective catalytic reduction","level":3,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526740375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862571","display_name":"Petroleum industry","level":2,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168255717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072759","display_name":"Ultra-low-sulfur diesel","level":3,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518881349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682","display_name":"Sulfur","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985275640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155930","display_name":"Marine transportation","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548895740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656","display_name":"Petroleum","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019581552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424418","display_name":"Nitrogen oxides","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992648332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778613","display_name":"Carbon oxide","level":4,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16629374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756525","display_name":"Storage tank","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14741/ijmcr/v.11.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.11.1.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.11.1.1","pdf_url":"https://ijmcr.com/index.php/ijmcr/article/download/11.01.01/92","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221939","display_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research","issn_l":"2321-3124","issn":["2321-3124"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.14741/ijmcr/v.11.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.11.1.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.11.1.1","pdf_url":"https://ijmcr.com/index.php/ijmcr/article/download/11.01.01/92","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221939","display_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research","issn_l":"2321-3124","issn":["2321-3124"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.821399986743927,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6773999929428101,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416896236.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416896236.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993927251","https://openalex.org/W2042251869","https://openalex.org/W2072640018","https://openalex.org/W2134193392","https://openalex.org/W2136496538","https://openalex.org/W2152389342","https://openalex.org/W2160646183","https://openalex.org/W2169629198","https://openalex.org/W2559987848","https://openalex.org/W2761221060","https://openalex.org/W2784134832","https://openalex.org/W2789775762","https://openalex.org/W2806254450","https://openalex.org/W2933950421","https://openalex.org/W2956226271","https://openalex.org/W3008063089","https://openalex.org/W3109950493","https://openalex.org/W3112150444","https://openalex.org/W3176745878","https://openalex.org/W3214527938","https://openalex.org/W4214649142","https://openalex.org/W4286742048","https://openalex.org/W4310155414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2300653484","https://openalex.org/W2997294201","https://openalex.org/W3115186128","https://openalex.org/W7000297591","https://openalex.org/W3142395826","https://openalex.org/W2382399742","https://openalex.org/W1809762461","https://openalex.org/W2365228262","https://openalex.org/W2389100186","https://openalex.org/W3036759105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Shipping":[0],"transportation":[1,8],"is":[2,134,144,167,176,245,281],"the":[3,18,63,88,112,115,120,137,145,150,170,185,194,219,223,231,236,240,246,269,273,277,286,291],"foremost":[4],"imperative":[5],"mode":[6],"of":[7,17,33,77,85,114,196],"in":[9,68,87,90,290],"universal":[10],"coordination.":[11],"At":[12],"display,":[13],"more":[14,247],"than":[15],"2/3":[16],"full":[19],"worldwide":[20],"exchange":[21],"volume":[22],"accounts":[23],"for":[24,250],"shipping":[25],"transportation.":[26],"Ships":[27,73],"are":[28,62,217,228,293],"utilized":[29],"as":[30,157,161,178,254],"an":[31],"implies":[32],"marine":[34,127,186],"transportation,":[35],"introducing":[36],"large-power":[37],"diesel":[38,128,187],"motors":[39],"with":[40,235],"exhaust":[41,69,78,116,278],"containing":[42],"nitrogen":[43,197],"oxide":[44,47,198,201],"NOx,":[45,199],"sulfur":[46,200],"SOx,":[48,202],"carbo":[49,203],"di-oxide":[50,204],"CO2,":[51,205],"particular":[52,206],"matter":[53,207],"PM10,":[54,208],"hydrocarbon":[55,209],"HC,":[56],"and":[57,94,172,211,257,264,283],"carbon":[58,212],"mono-oxide":[59,213],"CO":[60,214],"which":[61,143,160,166,175,280],"most":[64,220],"dangerous":[65],"contaminants":[66],"found":[67,242],"gas":[70,164],"from":[71,119],"ships.":[72],"radiating":[74],"large":[75],"amounts":[76],"gases":[79,117],"have":[80],"become":[81],"a":[82,255],"significant":[83],"cause":[84],"pollution":[86],"air":[89],"coastal":[91],"areas,":[92],"harbors":[93],"oceans.":[95],"therefore,":[96],"IMO":[97],"(the":[98],"International":[99],"Maritime":[100],"Organization)":[101],"has":[102],"established":[103],"rules":[104],"to":[105,169,184,261,267,276],"reduce":[106],"this":[107],"emission.":[108],"This":[109],"experiment":[110,192],"shows":[111],"measurement":[113,133],"emitted":[118],"Aida":[121,251],"IV":[122,252],"ship":[123,233,253,259],"main":[124,146],"engine":[125,234,270],"using":[126],"oil":[129,188],"fuel":[130,159],"(MDO).":[131],"The":[132,191,225],"taken":[135],"by":[136],"Sensonic2000":[138],"device":[139],"on":[140,222,230],"85%":[141],"load":[142],"sailing":[147],"load.":[148,238],"Moreover,":[149,285],"paper":[151],"study":[152,241],"different":[153],"emission":[154,292],"reduction":[155,173,181,226],"technologies":[156,227],"alternative":[158],"liquefied":[162],"natural":[163],"(LNG)":[165],"applied":[168,229],"system,":[171],"technology":[174,182,249],"represented":[177],"selective":[179],"catalytic":[180],"added":[183],"system":[189,275],"(MDO+SCR).":[190],"calculated":[193],"amount":[195],"HC":[210],"because":[215],"they":[216],"having":[218],"effect":[221],"environment.":[224],"same":[232,237],"Finally,":[239],"that":[243],"MDO+SCR":[244],"efficient":[248],"training":[256],"supply":[258],"due":[260],"low":[262],"consumption":[263],"no":[265],"need":[266],"modify":[268],"just":[271],"adding":[272],"SCR":[274],"line":[279],"easy":[282],"cheapest.":[284],"differences":[287],"between":[288],"them":[289],"not":[294],"so":[295],"big.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-12-02T00:00:00"}