{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416865404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55549/epess.922","title":"A Critical Examination of Political and Legal Challenges in International Business: The US\u2013EU Trade Protection Framework","display_name":"A Critical Examination of Political and Legal Challenges in International Business: The US\u2013EU Trade Protection Framework","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416865404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55549/epess.922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.55549/epess.922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55549/epess.922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55549/epess.922","pdf_url":"https://www.epess.net/index.php/epess/article/download/922/971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278848","display_name":"The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2587-1730","issn":["2587-1730"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.epess.net/index.php/epess/article/download/922/971","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045798561","display_name":"Driton Sylqa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-1473","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-1473"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152732","display_name":"University \"Haxhi Zeka\"","ror":"https://ror.org/01jrt3n05","country_code":"XK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152732"]}],"countries":["XK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Driton Sylqa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haxhi Zeka University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haxhi Zeka University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120709368","display_name":"Ermina Hajdarpasic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2350-9700","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2350-9700"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152732","display_name":"University \"Haxhi Zeka\"","ror":"https://ror.org/01jrt3n05","country_code":"XK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152732"]}],"countries":["XK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ermina Hajdarpasic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haxhi Zeka University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haxhi Zeka University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036971592","display_name":"Suada A. D\u017eogovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2651-925X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2651-925X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152732","display_name":"University \"Haxhi Zeka\"","ror":"https://ror.org/01jrt3n05","country_code":"XK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152732"]}],"countries":["XK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suada A. Dzogovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haxhi Zeka University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haxhi Zeka University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152732"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5777,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79721957,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":null,"first_page":"39","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.6714000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.6714000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14349","display_name":"Global Political and Economic Relations","score":0.09309999644756317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.08910000324249268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-us-trade-relations","display_name":"EU-US trade relations","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protectionism","display_name":"protectionism","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-agreements","display_name":"trade agreements","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-harmonization","display_name":"legal harmonization","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/import-and-export-flows","display_name":"import and export flows","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-balance","display_name":"trade balance","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-differences","display_name":"regulatory differences","score":0.5910000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22241219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179073","display_name":"Protectionism","level":2,"score":0.8112999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.6661999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182769425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377302","display_name":"Trade barrier","level":2,"score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43290001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140413371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572564","display_name":"Commercial policy","level":2,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528167355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"National security","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506295513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729438","display_name":"Economic integration","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63143784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7885121","display_name":"Political risk","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509929229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3312693","display_name":"International security","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777626329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1946268","display_name":"International trade law","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522695570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6517578","display_name":"Legal research","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31168002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1667430","display_name":"International political economy","level":3,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.55549/epess.922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55549/epess.922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55549/epess.922","pdf_url":"https://www.epess.net/index.php/epess/article/download/922/971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278848","display_name":"The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2587-1730","issn":["2587-1730"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.55549/epess.922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55549/epess.922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55549/epess.922","pdf_url":"https://www.epess.net/index.php/epess/article/download/922/971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278848","display_name":"The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2587-1730","issn":["2587-1730"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416865404.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416865404.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6997754502","https://openalex.org/W2466886524","https://openalex.org/W2604021077","https://openalex.org/W2460473371","https://openalex.org/W2565605319","https://openalex.org/W6959094832","https://openalex.org/W6968202027","https://openalex.org/W3098309922","https://openalex.org/W7135694280","https://openalex.org/W4410213484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"contemporary":[1],"international":[2,187],"trade,":[3,231],"imports":[4],"and":[5,20,36,50,84,94,103,112,136,183,193,215,222,239],"exports":[6,176],"between":[7,31,106,173,219],"the":[8,28,32,37,42,55,68,82,96,107,113,121,142,153,163,186,200,206,209,220,223,243],"world's":[9],"major":[10],"economies":[11],"are":[12],"increasingly":[13],"influenced":[14],"by":[15],"a":[16,117,167,178,250],"range":[17],"of":[18,59,70,87,110,123,141,162,180,203,245,252],"political":[19,51,78,191,217,237],"legal":[21,46,85,213,254,258],"factors.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"focuses":[25],"specifically":[26],"on":[27,120,157],"trade":[29,124,188,204],"relationship":[30,170],"European":[33,114],"Union":[34],"(EU)":[35],"United":[38,108],"States":[39,109],"(US),":[40],"highlighting":[41],"circumstances":[43],"in":[44,67,230,235],"which":[45,256],"frameworks":[47],"(compages":[48],"iuridica)":[49],"tensions":[52],"significantly":[53],"affect":[54],"success":[56],"or":[57],"failure":[58],"cross-border":[60],"trade.":[61],"The":[62,89,126,138,160],"problem":[63],"under":[64],"investigation":[65],"lies":[66],"existence":[69],"obstacles":[71,198],"arising":[72],"from":[73],"regulations,":[74],"as":[75,77,177,233],"well":[76],"challenges":[79,244],"that":[80,100,166],"threaten":[81],"stability":[83],"security":[86],"companies.":[88],"research":[90,143],"aims":[91],"to":[92,199,211,225,249],"identify":[93],"examine":[95],"key":[97],"political-legal":[98],"factors":[99],"influence":[101],"import":[102],"export":[104],"flows":[105],"America":[111],"Union,":[115],"with":[116],"special":[118],"emphasis":[119],"impact":[122],"agreements.":[125],"methods":[127],"applied":[128],"include":[129],"content":[130],"analysis,":[131,135],"case":[132],"studies,":[133],"comparative":[134],"triangulation.":[137],"quantitative":[139],"part":[140],"was":[144,171],"conducted":[145],"using":[146],"IBM":[147],"SPSS":[148],"Statistics":[149],"(Statistical":[150],"Package":[151],"for":[152,260],"Social":[154],"Sciences),":[155],"relying":[156],"secondary":[158],"data.":[159],"results":[161],"study":[164,207],"indicate":[165],"statistically":[168],"significant":[169],"observed":[172],"attitudes":[174,184],"towards":[175,185],"factor":[179],"economic":[181],"growth":[182],"balance.":[189],"Since":[190],"changes":[192],"regulatory":[194],"differences":[195,234],"pose":[196],"substantial":[197],"stable":[201],"development":[202],"relations,":[205],"highlights":[208],"need":[210],"harmonize":[212],"standards":[214],"strengthen":[216],"ties":[218],"EU":[221],"US":[224],"achieve":[226],"stability.":[227],"Current":[228],"problems":[229],"such":[232],"laws,":[236],"tensions,":[238],"protectionist":[240],"policies,":[241],"highlight":[242],"implementing":[246],"agreements":[247],"due":[248],"lack":[251],"consistent":[253],"harmonization,":[255],"reduces":[257],"certainty":[259],"businesses.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-12-01T00:00:00"}