{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416864745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.20251hb3tbb1","title":"Changes in Albuminuria (ACR) in Patients with Hyperkalemic (HK) CKD Taking Patiromer (PAT) and RAAS Inhibitors (RAASi)","display_name":"Changes in Albuminuria (ACR) in Patients with Hyperkalemic (HK) CKD Taking Patiromer (PAT) and RAAS Inhibitors (RAASi)","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416864745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.20251hb3tbb1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1681/asn.20251hb3tbb1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.20251hb3tbb1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.20251hb3tbb1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115693375","display_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","issn_l":"1046-6673","issn":["1046-6673","1533-3450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315620","host_organization_name":"American Society of Nephrology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Nephrology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033996338","display_name":"Matthew R. Weir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8820-5702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8820-5702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14285509","display_name":"University of Maryland Medical System","ror":"https://ror.org/04fkqna53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14285509"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew R. Weir","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14285509"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113210654","display_name":"Jeffrey J. Budden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112753","display_name":"CSL (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01jxhxv92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112753","https://openalex.org/I4210153402"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Budden","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSL Vifor, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSL Vifor, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John Williams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112753","display_name":"CSL (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01jxhxv92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112753","https://openalex.org/I4210153402"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSL Vifor, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSL Vifor, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037484199","display_name":"Tejas Desai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0151-9766","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0151-9766"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112753","display_name":"CSL (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01jxhxv92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112753","https://openalex.org/I4210153402"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tejas Desai","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSL Vifor, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSL Vifor, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4047433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"10S","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.5795999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.5795999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12876","display_name":"Potassium and Related Disorders","score":0.3743000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10684","display_name":"Acute Kidney Injury Research","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albuminuria","display_name":"albuminuria","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperkalemia","display_name":"hyperkalemia","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease","display_name":"chronic kidney disease","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patiromer","display_name":"patiromer","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium-binders","display_name":"potassium binders","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renin-angiotensin-system-inhibitors","display_name":"renin-angiotensin system inhibitors","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/losartan","display_name":"losartan","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spironolactone","display_name":"spironolactone","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albuminuria-reduction","display_name":"albuminuria reduction","score":0.5809999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974792","display_name":"Albuminuria","level":3,"score":0.8111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.5134000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.4948999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780243291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605259","display_name":"Hyperkalemia","level":2,"score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781203188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1676817","display_name":"Microalbuminuria","level":3,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779922275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129105","display_name":"Diabetic nephropathy","level":3,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779561371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570197","display_name":"Proteinuria","level":3,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779611605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288280","display_name":"ACE inhibitor","level":4,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54847362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177635","display_name":"Nephrology","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781184683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Nephropathy","level":3,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159641895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108377937","display_name":"Renal function","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1681/asn.20251hb3tbb1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.20251hb3tbb1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.20251hb3tbb1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115693375","display_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","issn_l":"1046-6673","issn":["1046-6673","1533-3450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315620","host_organization_name":"American Society of Nephrology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Nephrology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2326168437","https://openalex.org/W2520434091","https://openalex.org/W2617862217","https://openalex.org/W4213069846","https://openalex.org/W4396992729","https://openalex.org/W2475129834","https://openalex.org/W4396992743","https://openalex.org/W4386878618","https://openalex.org/W3168617875","https://openalex.org/W2588389730"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Previous":[1],"studies":[2,247,274],"showed":[3,175],"greater":[4],"RAASi":[5,64,138],"utilization":[6],"and":[7,96,121,198,272],"lower":[8],"serum":[9],"aldosterone":[10],"levels":[11],"in":[12,22,24,26,90,160,166,168,178,193,195,222,224,243,268],"CKD":[13,86,226],"patients":[14,25,28,57,82,127,174,189,227],"taking":[15],"PAT":[16],"for":[17,65],"HK.":[18],"We":[19],"assessed":[20],"changes":[21,37,267],"ACR":[23,36,69,140,152,167,179,194,223,266],"these":[27,238,252],"from":[29,38,42,180],"the":[30,47,161,196,234,241],"OPAL-HK":[31,55,269],"&":[32,74,85,102,145,156,240,254],"AMETHYST-DN":[33,77,273],"studies.":[34],"Methods:":[35],"baseline":[39,73,144,155],"are":[40,158,248],"available":[41],"several":[43],"study":[44],"groups":[45],"within":[46],"patiromer":[48],"clinical":[49,257],"development":[50],"program.":[51],"Part":[52],"A":[53],"of":[54,63,81,137,183,200,237],"enrolled":[56,78],"with":[58,83,88,112,117,123,208,220,228],"HK":[59,133,229],"on":[60,134],"stable":[61,135],"doses":[62,136],"4":[66],"weeks":[67],"(n=234).":[68],"was":[70,141,218],"measured":[71,142],"at":[72,143,154],"week":[75],"4.":[76],"3":[79,126,170],"cohorts":[80],"diabetes":[84],"treated":[87,122],"RAASi,":[89],"two":[91],"phases:":[92],"treatment":[93,207],"initiation":[94],"(TIP)":[95],"long-term":[97],"maintenance":[98],"(LTMP).":[99],"Cohorts":[100],"1":[101],"2":[103],"(TIP":[104,128],"n=61;":[105],"LTMP":[106,130,199],"n=48)":[107],"received":[108],"guideline-directed":[109],"medical":[110],"therapy":[111],"losartan":[113],"100":[114],"mg":[115],"daily,":[116],"or":[118],"without":[119],"spironolactone":[120],"PAT.":[124],"Cohort":[125],"n=243;":[129],"n=198)":[131],"had":[132],"therapy.":[139],"up":[146],"to":[147,185,250],"52":[148],"weeks.":[149],"Results:":[150],"Median":[151,265],"values":[153],"follow-up":[157],"described":[159],"figure.":[162],"Patients":[163],"experienced":[164,190],"reductions":[165],"all":[169,231],"albuminuric":[171],"groups.":[172,232],"Macroalbuminuric":[173],"a":[176,181,191,210],"reduction":[177,192],"median":[182],"1098":[184],"813":[186],"mg/g.":[187],"All":[188],"TIP":[197],"AMETHYST-DN.":[201],"Conclusion:":[202],"These":[203],"findings":[204],"indicate":[205],"that":[206,213],"PAT,":[209],"potassium":[211],"binder":[212],"does":[214],"not":[215],"exchange":[216],"sodium,":[217],"associated":[219],"decreases":[221],"RAASi-treated":[225],"across":[230],"Given":[233],"observational":[235],"nature":[236],"analyses":[239],"variability":[242],"patient":[244],"populations,":[245],"further":[246],"needed":[249],"confirm":[251],"results":[253],"clarify":[255],"their":[256],"significance.":[258],"Funding:":[259],"Commercial":[260],"Support":[261],"-":[262],"CSL":[263],"ViforFigure:":[264],"(Part":[270],"A)":[271]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2025-12-01T00:00:00"}