{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416856433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17121535","title":"Development and Characterization of Magnoliae Flos Essential-Oil-Loaded Nanoemulsion: A Spatiotemporal Nose-to-Brain Delivery Enhancer for Solution and Gel-Based Pharmaceutical Formulations","display_name":"Development and Characterization of Magnoliae Flos Essential-Oil-Loaded Nanoemulsion: A Spatiotemporal Nose-to-Brain Delivery Enhancer for Solution and Gel-Based Pharmaceutical Formulations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416856433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17121535","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41471049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17121535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17121535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17121535","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/12/1535/pdf?version=1764344953","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30283931","display_name":"Pharmaceutics","issn_l":"1999-4923","issn":["1999-4923"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/12/1535/pdf?version=1764344953","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005762175","display_name":"Shiyu Zong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyu Zong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Xi\u2019an 710003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415860","display_name":"Miao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9576-5211","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9576-5211"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacy Department, Xi\u2019an Daxing Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710082, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacy Department, Xi\u2019an Daxing Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710082, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037282698","display_name":"Xinyu Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5732-2404","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5732-2404"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75920027","display_name":"Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/021r98132","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75920027"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75920027"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101963123","display_name":"Yunlong Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9940-5109","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9940-5109"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Xi\u2019an 710003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027148756","display_name":"Ye Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5537-4569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5537-4569"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Xi\u2019an 710003, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5537-4569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100638569","display_name":"Hong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-1759","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-1759"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Xi\u2019an 710003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022159447","display_name":"Chunliu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2345-4035","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2345-4035"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunliu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Xi\u2019an 710003, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2345-4035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Xi\u2019an 710003, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022159447"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23510631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"12","first_page":"1535","last_page":"1535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":0.015200000256299973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoemulsions","display_name":"nanoemulsions","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nose-to-brain-drug-delivery","display_name":"nose-to-brain delivery","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intranasal-drug-delivery","display_name":"intranasal drug delivery","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-targeting","display_name":"brain targeting","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigeminal-nerve","display_name":"trigeminal nerve","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-delivery-to-the-brain","display_name":"brain drug delivery","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.6574000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26291073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310484","display_name":"Ex vivo","level":3,"score":0.6317999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778711105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1767381","display_name":"Flos","level":4,"score":0.5859000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.5716999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111936080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913367","display_name":"Enhancer","level":4,"score":0.5105000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187530423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503","display_name":"Particle size","level":2,"score":0.48410001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85663871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6966562","display_name":"Nasal administration","level":2,"score":0.46860000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86181022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196823","display_name":"Zeta potential","level":3,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77281830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718608","display_name":"Dosage form","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983812674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134808","display_name":"Delivery system","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58226133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324199","display_name":"Pulmonary surfactant","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17121535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17121535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17121535","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/12/1535/pdf?version=1764344953","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30283931","display_name":"Pharmaceutics","issn_l":"1999-4923","issn":["1999-4923"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41471049","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41471049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f7b395ee374043a19583dac2fad1d0eb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f7b395ee374043a19583dac2fad1d0eb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutics, Vol 17, Iss 12, p 1535 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12736246","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12736246/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17121535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17121535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17121535","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/12/1535/pdf?version=1764344953","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30283931","display_name":"Pharmaceutics","issn_l":"1999-4923","issn":["1999-4923"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329756","display_name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Association","ror":"https://ror.org/047jk3s49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416856433.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416856433.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1766445465","https://openalex.org/W2748843731","https://openalex.org/W2922428080","https://openalex.org/W2953057000","https://openalex.org/W3006089656","https://openalex.org/W3015601575","https://openalex.org/W3046258544","https://openalex.org/W3127248977","https://openalex.org/W3159268917","https://openalex.org/W3164114503","https://openalex.org/W3187357978","https://openalex.org/W3203272106","https://openalex.org/W4206726188","https://openalex.org/W4223627654","https://openalex.org/W4281661929","https://openalex.org/W4283742022","https://openalex.org/W4283766003","https://openalex.org/W4296070920","https://openalex.org/W4296809773","https://openalex.org/W4381594586","https://openalex.org/W4386803541","https://openalex.org/W4387266713","https://openalex.org/W4387996895","https://openalex.org/W4390233572","https://openalex.org/W4399551352","https://openalex.org/W4399583362","https://openalex.org/W4400859446","https://openalex.org/W4401470130","https://openalex.org/W4403360333","https://openalex.org/W4405700237","https://openalex.org/W4406747757","https://openalex.org/W4406776737","https://openalex.org/W4407308020","https://openalex.org/W4407983770","https://openalex.org/W4408978400","https://openalex.org/W4409345153","https://openalex.org/W4410107508"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"To":[1],"develop":[2],"a":[3,35,102,117],"stable":[4,118],"nanoemulsion":[5],"loaded":[6],"with":[7,39],"Magnoliae":[8],"Flos":[9],"essential":[10,196],"oil":[11],"(MEO-NE)":[12],"and":[13,26,46,61,78,88,94,121,138,143,150,185,188],"evaluated":[14],"its":[15],"potential":[16],"as":[17,82,172],"an":[18,173,190],"enhancer":[19,175],"for":[20,56,176,193],"nose-to-brain":[21,177],"delivery":[22,200],"in":[23,69,90,146,198],"both":[24,141,183],"solution":[25,165],"gel":[27,155],"formulations.":[28],"Methods:":[29],"The":[30,51,98],"MEO-NE":[31,53,100,133,158,170],"was":[32,54,71],"prepared":[33],"using":[34,73],"low-energy":[36],"emulsification":[37],"method,":[38],"the":[40,91,125,136,147,154,164],"formulation":[41,156],"optimized":[42,52,99],"via":[43],"single-factor":[44],"experiments":[45],"Box\u2013Behnken":[47],"design-response":[48],"surface":[49],"methodology.":[50],"characterized":[55],"particle":[57,104],"size,":[58],"PDI,":[59],"morphology,":[60,116],"nasal":[62,126],"mucosal":[63],"irritation.":[64],"Ex":[65,128],"vivo":[66,129],"histological":[67],"imaging":[68,130],"rats":[70],"performed":[72],"hydrophilic":[74,142,184],"sulfo-cyanine7":[75],"carboxylic":[76],"acid":[77],"lipophilic":[79,144,186],"coumarin":[80],"6":[81,167],"fluorescent":[83],"probes":[84,145],"to":[85,124],"assess":[86],"distribution":[87,137],"retention":[89,139],"trigeminal":[92,148],"nerve":[93,149],"brain":[95,151,180],"tissues.":[96,152],"Results:":[97],"exhibited":[101],"small":[103],"size":[105],"(27.96":[106],"\u00b1":[107,113],"0.94":[108],"nm),":[109],"low":[110],"PDI":[111],"(0.089":[112],"0.013),":[114],"spherical":[115],"O/W":[119],"structure,":[120],"no":[122],"irritation":[123],"mucosa.":[127],"revealed":[131],"that":[132],"significantly":[134],"enhanced":[135],"of":[140,157,182],"Moreover,":[153],"demonstrated":[159],"superior":[160],"brain-targeting":[161],"efficiency":[162],"over":[163],"within":[166],"h.":[168],"Conclusions:":[169],"served":[171],"effective":[174],"delivery,":[178],"improving":[179],"uptake":[181],"drugs,":[187],"provided":[189],"experimental":[191],"basis":[192],"utilizing":[194],"herbal":[195],"oils":[197],"CNS-targeted":[199],"systems.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-12-01T00:00:00"}