{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416852008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v10i11.26","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Network Intrusion Prevention in Cloud-Edge Architectures","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Network Intrusion Prevention in Cloud-Edge Architectures","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416852008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v10i11.26"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47191/etj/v10i11.26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v10i11.26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v10i11.26","pdf_url":"https://everant.org/index.php/etj/article/download/2342/1718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237061","display_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","issn_l":"2456-3358","issn":["2456-3358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://everant.org/index.php/etj/article/download/2342/1718","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075952605","display_name":"Aymen Saad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3582-6799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3582-6799"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155527","display_name":"Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04hsvhf62","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155527"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["IQ","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aymen Saad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Management Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa, Iraq & School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Management Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa, Iraq & School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155527","https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043372286","display_name":"Noor Flayyih Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5552-9424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5552-9424"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145266","display_name":"Southern Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sax3264","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145266"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noor Flayyih Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Technical University, Thi-Qar Technical College, Department of Accounting Techniques, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Technical University, Thi-Qar Technical College, Department of Accounting Techniques, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058532474","display_name":"Ammar Wisam Altaher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-0665","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-0665"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155527","display_name":"Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04hsvhf62","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155527"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Wisam. Altaher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Management Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Management Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155527"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-intrusion-prevention","display_name":"network intrusion prevention","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-cloud-computing","display_name":"edge-cloud computing","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-reinforcement-learning","display_name":"deep reinforcement learning","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-intrusion-detection","display_name":"network intrusion detection","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-intelligence","display_name":"edge AI","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-q-network","display_name":"deep Q-network","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proximal-policy-optimization","display_name":"proximal policy optimization","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ddos-attacks","display_name":"DDoS attacks","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-exfiltration","display_name":"data exfiltration","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connection-blocking","display_name":"connection blocking","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-traffic-classification","display_name":"real-time traffic classification","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-security-policies","display_name":"adaptive security policies","score":0.5350000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.8201000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7398999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7217000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6953999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5554999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144745244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3928000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27061796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion prevention system","level":3,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117468950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208074","display_name":"Network layer","level":3,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90936777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917189","display_name":"Host-based intrusion detection system","level":4,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776973144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6880649","display_name":"Misuse detection","level":4,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74072328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142726","display_name":"Intelligent agent","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13687954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826847","display_name":"Autonomous agent","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47191/etj/v10i11.26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v10i11.26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v10i11.26","pdf_url":"https://everant.org/index.php/etj/article/download/2342/1718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237061","display_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","issn_l":"2456-3358","issn":["2456-3358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47191/etj/v10i11.26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v10i11.26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v10i11.26","pdf_url":"https://everant.org/index.php/etj/article/download/2342/1718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237061","display_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","issn_l":"2456-3358","issn":["2456-3358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416852008.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416852008.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2736601468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7154957440","https://openalex.org/W7201836599","https://openalex.org/W7220222095","https://openalex.org/W7132837866","https://openalex.org/W4411465319","https://openalex.org/W7196963560","https://openalex.org/W4416249949","https://openalex.org/W7215062822","https://openalex.org/W4413188100","https://openalex.org/W3126389064"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud-edge":[0],"architectures":[1],"enable":[2],"low-latency":[3],"distributed":[4,153],"data":[5,115],"processing":[6],"but":[7],"introduce":[8],"complex":[9],"attack":[10,111],"surfaces":[11],"that":[12],"challenge":[13],"traditional":[14],"Network":[15],"Intrusion":[16],"Detection":[17],"and":[18,28,78,93,101,117,122,131,144],"Prevention":[19],"Systems":[20],"(NIDPS).":[21],"Conventional":[22],"systems":[23],"relying":[24],"on":[25],"static":[26],"signatures":[27],"centralized":[29],"analysis":[30],"cannot":[31],"adapt":[32],"to":[33],"the":[34,60],"dynamic,":[35],"heterogeneous":[36],"nature":[37],"of":[38,64],"these":[39],"environments.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"proposes":[43],"a":[44],"novel":[45],"Deep":[46,119],"Reinforcement":[47],"Learning":[48],"(DRL)":[49],"framework":[50],"for":[51,152],"autonomous":[52],"network":[53,66,84],"intrusion":[54],"prevention,":[55],"deploying":[56],"intelligent":[57],"agents":[58,69,86],"at":[59],"edge":[61],"layer":[62],"capable":[63],"real-time":[65],"interaction.":[67],"The":[68],"learn":[70],"optimal":[71],"security":[72],"policies":[73],"through":[74],"continuous":[75],"observation,":[76],"action,":[77],"reward":[79],"cycles.":[80],"By":[81],"analyzing":[82],"live":[83],"traffic,":[85],"classify":[87],"malicious":[88],"activities":[89],"with":[90],"high":[91],"accuracy":[92],"proactively":[94],"execute":[95],"prevention":[96],"actions":[97],"including":[98],"connection":[99],"blocking":[100],"bandwidth":[102],"throttling.":[103],"We":[104],"develop":[105],"simulated":[106],"cloud-edge":[107],"testbed":[108],"modeling":[109],"diverse":[110],"scenarios":[112],"(DDoS,":[113],"infiltration,":[114],"exfiltration)":[116],"implement":[118],"Q-Networks":[120],"(DQN)":[121],"Proximal":[123],"Policy":[124],"Optimization":[125],"(PPO)":[126],"algorithms.":[127],"Evaluation":[128],"using":[129],"NSL-KDD":[130],"CIC-IDS2017":[132],"datasets":[133],"demonstrates":[134],"significant":[135],"improvements:":[136],"98.7%":[137],"detection":[138],"accuracy,":[139],"1.8%":[140],"false":[141],"positive":[142],"rate,":[143],"sub-20ms":[145],"response":[146],"time,":[147],"providing":[148],"robust":[149],"self-adaptive":[150],"defense":[151],"computing":[154],"infrastructures.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-12-01T00:00:00"}
