{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416799202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icriset64803.2025.11252409","title":"An Improved Password Protection Strategy by Integrating Visual Encryption Methodology with Optical Character Recognition Logic","display_name":"An Improved Password Protection Strategy by Integrating Visual Encryption Methodology with Optical Character Recognition Logic","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416799202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icriset64803.2025.11252409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icriset64803.2025.11252409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icriset64803.2025.11252409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icriset64803.2025.11252409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407096217","display_name":"International Conference on Recent Innovation in Science Engineering and Technology (ICRISET)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Recent Innovation in Science Engineering and Technology (ICRISET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kakumanu Naga Raju","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kakumanu Naga Raju","raw_affiliation_strings":["QIS College of Engineering and Technology,Department of ECE,AndhraPradesh,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"QIS College of Engineering and Technology,Department of ECE,AndhraPradesh,India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040109082","display_name":"Ali Elrashidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-1395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-1395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153687341","display_name":"Zarqa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wf1es90","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Elrashidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zarqa University,College of Engineering,Department of Electrical Engineering,Zarqa,Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zarqa University,College of Engineering,Department of Electrical Engineering,Zarqa,Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075164439","display_name":"D. V. S. R. K. Chaitanya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-9215","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-9215"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darla Chaitanya","raw_affiliation_strings":["QIS College of Engineering and Technology,Department of ECE,AndhraPradesh,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"QIS College of Engineering and Technology,Department of ECE,AndhraPradesh,India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Prasad D","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257457","display_name":"Sona College of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/059sbnj83","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257457"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasad D","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sona College of Technology,Department of EEE,Salem"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sona College of Technology,Department of EEE,Salem","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120525830","display_name":"Mary Kannidi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Kannidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["MLR Institute of Technology,Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Hyderabad,Telangana,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MLR Institute of Technology,Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Hyderabad,Telangana,India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088167317","display_name":"L. Kannagi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271589","display_name":"Sri Sairam Engineering College","ror":"https://ror.org/02pjbf956","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271589"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Kannagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sri Sairam Institute of Technology,Department of Computer and Communication Engineering,Chennai,44"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sri Sairam Institute of Technology,Department of Computer and Communication Engineering,Chennai,44","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271589"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5315,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60479007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-security","display_name":"password security","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"optical character recognition","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaotic-lorenz-system","display_name":"Lorenz chaotic system","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel-scrambling","display_name":"pixel scrambling","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximate-string-matching","display_name":"approximate string matching","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levenshtein-distance","display_name":"Levenshtein distance","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-based-authentication","display_name":"image-based authentication","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-robustness","display_name":"noise robustness","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/login-authentication","display_name":"login authentication","score":0.574999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7692999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.760200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6037999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5103999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4957475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242186","display_name":"S/KEY","level":3,"score":0.4636000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70530487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990841","display_name":"Password strength","level":4,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.3824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496939","display_name":"Levenshtein distance","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3847113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2746524","display_name":"Password cracking","level":5,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134765980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879126","display_name":"Bitwise operation","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160086991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5939193","display_name":"Human visual system model","level":3,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92717368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1162538","display_name":"Plaintext","level":3,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779072331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1597418","display_name":"Visual cryptography","level":4,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89479133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137840","display_name":"One-time password","level":3,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icriset64803.2025.11252409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icriset64803.2025.11252409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icriset64803.2025.11252409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407096217","display_name":"International Conference on Recent Innovation in Science Engineering and Technology (ICRISET)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Recent Innovation in Science Engineering and Technology (ICRISET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387219781","https://openalex.org/W4387847778","https://openalex.org/W4389618715","https://openalex.org/W4392173889","https://openalex.org/W4394960839","https://openalex.org/W4396218851","https://openalex.org/W4399890942","https://openalex.org/W4400892925","https://openalex.org/W4401553077","https://openalex.org/W4403576321","https://openalex.org/W4404149570","https://openalex.org/W4406085150","https://openalex.org/W4407320491","https://openalex.org/W4411937404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2606329031","https://openalex.org/W4416854549","https://openalex.org/W6893061540","https://openalex.org/W4281780391","https://openalex.org/W7216605939","https://openalex.org/W2512638640","https://openalex.org/W3204864794","https://openalex.org/W2779044171","https://openalex.org/W4385192679","https://openalex.org/W4385316840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,55,71,95,100,103,108,112,115,119,125,133,144,162,169,172,177,194,213,223,257],"evolving":[2],"landscape":[3],"of":[4,70,102,107,114,121,127,132,147,171,176,189,212],"cybersecurity,":[5],"traditional":[6,245],"text-based":[7],"password":[8,29,187,253],"systems":[9,277],"are":[10,86],"increasingly":[11],"vulnerable":[12],"to":[13,75,97,142,167,207,244,271],"attacks":[14],"such":[15,160,200],"as":[16,161,201],"brute":[17],"force,":[18],"phishing,":[19],"and":[20,66,79,93,197,203,222,261,274],"dictionary-based":[21],"intrusions.":[22],"The":[23,47,84,105,174,264],"present":[24],"paper":[25],"suggests":[26],"an":[27,226],"enhanced":[28,128],"protection":[30],"mechanism":[31],"that":[32,255],"combines":[33],"Visual":[34],"Encryption":[35],"with":[36,68,193,232],"Optical":[37],"Character":[38],"Recognition":[39],"(OCR)":[40],"reasoning":[41],"aimed":[42],"at":[43],"fortifying":[44],"identification":[45],"systems.":[46],"associated":[48],"scheme":[49],"converts":[50],"alphanumerically":[51],"entered":[52],"passwords":[53],"by":[54,89,124,182],"user":[56],"into":[57],"grayscale":[58],"images":[59,85],"(128x64":[60],"pixel)":[61],"captured":[62],"in":[63,118,278],"standard":[64],"form":[65],"encrypted":[67,109],"functions":[69],"Lorenz":[72],"chaotic":[73],"system":[74,179,224,254],"reshuffle":[76],"pixel":[77],"locations":[78],"make":[80],"key-dependent":[81],"XOR":[82],"substitutions.":[83],"then":[87],"masked":[88],"incorporate":[90],"control":[91],"noise":[92,234],"rendering":[94],"distortion":[96],"block":[98],"out":[99],"patterns":[101],"images.":[104],"decryption":[106],"image":[110,134],"(with":[111],"use":[113],"session":[116],"key":[117],"process":[120],"authentication)":[122],"followed":[123],"application":[126],"OCR":[129,155,192,209],"analysis":[130],"mechanisms":[131],"(CLAHE,":[135],"thresholding,":[136],"contour":[137],"detection)":[138],"makes":[139,256],"it":[140],"possible":[141],"discern":[143],"original":[145],"text":[146],"a":[148,186,250,268],"password.":[149],"Even":[150],"when":[151],"there":[152],"exists":[153],"minor":[154],"difference,":[156],"Fuzzy":[157],"string-matching":[158],"algorithms":[159],"Levenshtein":[163],"Distance":[164],"is":[165,180,267],"used":[166],"verify":[168],"validity":[170,175],"log-in.":[173],"suggested":[178],"proved":[181],"experimental":[183],"findings":[184],"on":[185],"database":[188],"500":[190],"passwords.":[191],"best":[195],"preprocessing":[196],"safe":[198],"graphics":[199],"BMP":[202],"PNG":[204],"achieve":[205],"up":[206],"99.4%":[208],"accuracy.":[210],"Most":[211],"configurations":[214],"have":[215],"authentication":[216,276],"time":[217],"well":[218],"under":[219],"150":[220],"milliseconds":[221],"produces":[225],"over":[227],"95%":[228],"similarity":[229],"score":[230],"even":[231],"20%":[233],"injection.":[235],"This":[236],"hybrid":[237],"methodology":[238],"not":[239],"only":[240],"provides":[241],"more":[242],"resistance":[243],"attacks,":[246],"but":[247],"also":[248],"alleviates":[249],"new":[251],"biometric-like":[252],"transition":[258],"between":[259],"human":[260],"machine-readable":[262],"forms.":[263],"given":[265],"strategy":[266],"workable":[269],"solution":[270],"secure,":[272],"real-time,":[273],"user-friendly":[275],"sensitive":[279],"areas.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}
