{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416769482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70446","title":"Testing and improving the usefulness of invertebrate indicators of multiple freshwater stressors","display_name":"Testing and improving the usefulness of invertebrate indicators of multiple freshwater stressors","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416769482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ecs2.70446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98723585","display_name":"Ecosphere","issn_l":"2150-8925","issn":["2150-8925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecosphere","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70446","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031372365","display_name":"Richard S. A. White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2984-3661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2984-3661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259964","display_name":"Earth Sciences New Zealand","ror":"https://ror.org/02zww1c82","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259964"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. S. A. White","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth Sciences New Zealand  Christchurch New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2984-3661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth Sciences New Zealand  Christchurch New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259964"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111392610","display_name":"Tracy Stephens","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Stephens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattle Delamore & Partners Auckland New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattle Delamore & Partners Auckland New Zealand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058571348","display_name":"Theodore A. Kpodonu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800248085","display_name":"Auckland Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03xedy893","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800248085"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Kpodonu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligence Unit Healthy Waters and Flood Resilience Department, Auckland Council  Auckland New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligence Unit Healthy Waters and Flood Resilience Department, Auckland Council  Auckland New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800248085"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037516540","display_name":"Rick J. Stoffels","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4888-5875","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4888-5875"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259964","display_name":"Earth Sciences New Zealand","ror":"https://ror.org/02zww1c82","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259964"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. J. Stoffels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth Sciences New Zealand  Christchurch New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth Sciences New Zealand  Christchurch New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259964"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031372365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259964"],"apc_list":{"value":2430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2430},"apc_paid":{"value":2430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2430},"fwci":0.4161,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48561939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10669","display_name":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10669","display_name":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-stressors","display_name":"multiple stressors","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-pollution","display_name":"nutrient pollution","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-tolerance","display_name":"CO tolerance","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indicator-sensitivity","display_name":"indicator sensitivity","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freshwater-ecosystem-health","display_name":"freshwater ecosystem health","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality-assessment","display_name":"water quality assessment","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-zealand-streams","display_name":"New Zealand streams","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.7957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.6456000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13474642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43806","display_name":"Invertebrate","level":2,"score":0.5655999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.536899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2816523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180184","display_name":"Sediment","level":2,"score":0.445499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125370674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527480","display_name":"Stressor","level":2,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4350999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133079900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155065","display_name":"Community structure","level":2,"score":0.4343000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42090638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4048907","display_name":"STREAMS","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4590074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5608096","display_name":"Community","level":3,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191839390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997527","display_name":"Indicator organism","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ecs2.70446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98723585","display_name":"Ecosphere","issn_l":"2150-8925","issn":["2150-8925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecosphere","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dfe607778d5241b1ac8f1231703e1747","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dfe607778d5241b1ac8f1231703e1747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecosphere, Vol 16, Iss 11, Pp n/a-n/a (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ecs2.70446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98723585","display_name":"Ecosphere","issn_l":"2150-8925","issn":["2150-8925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecosphere","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.7778000235557556,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5769000053405762,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312664","display_name":"Auckland Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03xedy893"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320788","display_name":"Ministry for the Environment, New Zealand","ror":"https://ror.org/05err5w18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321983","display_name":"Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment","ror":"https://ror.org/02jtq1b51"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563711975","https://openalex.org/W1605084677","https://openalex.org/W1942653162","https://openalex.org/W1978548769","https://openalex.org/W1981457167","https://openalex.org/W1981484167","https://openalex.org/W1985514943","https://openalex.org/W1990887781","https://openalex.org/W1995873447","https://openalex.org/W1998025025","https://openalex.org/W1998217227","https://openalex.org/W1999604224","https://openalex.org/W2004799613","https://openalex.org/W2009519147","https://openalex.org/W2012453682","https://openalex.org/W2018328099","https://openalex.org/W2020751002","https://openalex.org/W2027557657","https://openalex.org/W2029613522","https://openalex.org/W2034384225","https://openalex.org/W2040030318","https://openalex.org/W2041217340","https://openalex.org/W2047309059","https://openalex.org/W2048904210","https://openalex.org/W2048992878","https://openalex.org/W2064170116","https://openalex.org/W2064856178","https://openalex.org/W2072568153","https://openalex.org/W2079018504","https://openalex.org/W2079111689","https://openalex.org/W2102843713","https://openalex.org/W2105825768","https://openalex.org/W2116091090","https://openalex.org/W2126850929","https://openalex.org/W2127032204","https://openalex.org/W2128599879","https://openalex.org/W2129658660","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2160032111","https://openalex.org/W2169266284","https://openalex.org/W2567166523","https://openalex.org/W2788232816","https://openalex.org/W2896210695","https://openalex.org/W2921013785","https://openalex.org/W3025955640","https://openalex.org/W3034904660","https://openalex.org/W3036193671","https://openalex.org/W3089239417","https://openalex.org/W3092585396","https://openalex.org/W3111209259","https://openalex.org/W3112717819","https://openalex.org/W3131535985","https://openalex.org/W3171993595","https://openalex.org/W3174444180","https://openalex.org/W4206675436","https://openalex.org/W4243398579","https://openalex.org/W4247539597","https://openalex.org/W4389524741","https://openalex.org/W4391262856","https://openalex.org/W4392160104","https://openalex.org/W4396557535","https://openalex.org/W4402196752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770078114","https://openalex.org/W2063039122","https://openalex.org/W2025805038","https://openalex.org/W2567225012","https://openalex.org/W3204510249","https://openalex.org/W4402313273","https://openalex.org/W2567166523","https://openalex.org/W2184103090","https://openalex.org/W2089071227","https://openalex.org/W2119389175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Ecological":[1],"indicators":[2,69,284],"may":[3,248],"provide":[4],"information":[5],"about":[6,309],"multi\u2010stressor":[7],"impacts,":[8],"but":[9,312],"they":[10],"are":[11,114,145,168,334],"often":[12],"applied":[13],"under":[14,46],"hidden":[15],"and":[16,35,57,73,77,101,122,132,137,161,173,206,246,277,287,294,325],"untested":[17],"assumptions,":[18],"such":[19,175],"as":[20,351],"the":[21,25,30,36,39,62,177,208,218,223,239,267,328,343],"number":[22],"of":[23,32,38,64,120,151,179,191,210,217,242,258,264,269,285],"stressors":[24],"indicator":[26,40],"is":[27,186],"sensitive":[28],"to,":[29],"identity":[31],"those":[33],"stressors,":[34],"sensitivity":[37,63,241],"to":[41,50,55,85,171,238,244,281,327,336],"individual":[42],"stressors.":[43,87],"Indicators":[44],"used":[45],"false":[47],"assumptions":[48],"lead":[49],"perverse":[51],"outcomes":[52],"like":[53],"failure":[54],"identify":[56],"regulate":[58],"polluters.":[59],"We":[60,88,140,193,338],"analyzed":[61],"New":[65],"Zealand":[66],"macroinvertebrate":[67,349],"community":[68,71],"(macroinvertebrate":[70],"index":[72],"its":[74],"quantitative":[75],"variant":[76],"average":[78],"score":[79],"per":[80],"metric,":[81],"hereafter,":[82],"collectively,":[83],"NZMCIs)":[84],"multiple":[86],"tested":[89],"three":[90],"assumptions:":[91],"(1)":[92],"NZMCIs":[93,113,201,243,279],"exhibit":[94],"a":[95,235,307],"negative":[96],"relationship":[97],"with":[98,134,148,189,203,230,292],"dissolved":[99],"nutrients":[100,121,172,185,205,245,259,293],"suspended":[102],"fine":[103],"sediment":[104],"(SFS).":[105],"(2)":[106],"Taxon\u2010specific":[107],"\u201ctolerance":[108],"values\u201d":[109],"(TVs),":[110],"upon":[111],"which":[112,346],"based,":[115],"accurately":[116],"characterize":[117],"invertebrates'":[118],"tolerances":[119],"SFS.":[123,192],"NZMCI":[124,219,225,299],"TVs":[125,144,226,250],"have":[126],"been":[127],"derived":[128],"using":[129,157],"professional":[130],"opinion":[131],"studies":[133],"narrow":[135],"spatial":[136],"temporal":[138],"domains.":[139],"determined":[141],"whether":[142],"these":[143,198],"positively":[146,169,187],"correlated":[147,188,229],"alternative":[149],"measures":[150],"tolerance\u2014\u201ccritical":[152],"tolerances\u201d":[153],"(TT":[154],"crit":[155,182,232],"s)\u2014developed":[156],"national,":[158],"long\u2010term":[159],"datasets":[160],"rigorous":[162],"statistical":[163],"models.":[164],"(3)":[165],"Macroinvertebrate":[166,302],"taxa":[167],"co\u2010tolerant":[170],"SFS,":[174,207],"that":[176,190,251,318],"order":[178],"taxon\u2010specific":[180,254],"TT":[181,231],"s":[183],"for":[184,197,317,341],"found":[194],"little":[195],"support":[196],"assumptions.":[199],"Although":[200],"declined":[202],"increasing":[204],"magnitude":[209],"decline":[211],"was":[212,272],"negligible,":[213],"spanning":[214],"only":[215],"7%":[216],"range":[220],"observed":[221],"in":[222],"data.":[224],"were":[227,260],"poorly":[228,252],"s,":[233],"so":[234],"factor":[236],"contributing":[237],"low":[240],"SFS":[247,288,295],"be":[249,282,321],"reflect":[253],"tolerances.":[255],"Taxa":[256],"tolerant":[257,263],"not":[261],"necessarily":[262],"SFS;":[265],"hence,":[266],"assumption":[268],"positive":[270],"co\u2010tolerance":[271],"unsupported.":[273],"Given":[274],"our":[275],"data":[276,300],"models,":[278],"appear":[280],"poor":[283],"nutrient":[286],"effects.":[289],"Decision\u2010makers":[290],"concerned":[291],"impacts":[296],"should":[297,320],"interpret":[298],"cautiously.":[301],"communities":[303,350],"can":[304],"tell":[305],"us":[306],"lot":[308],"ecosystem":[310],"health,":[311],"how":[313],"we":[314,333,347],"use":[315,348],"them":[316],"purpose":[319],"more":[322],"critically":[323],"assessed":[324],"matched":[326],"specific":[329],"water":[330],"resource":[331],"problems":[332],"trying":[335],"solve.":[337],"present":[339],"suggestions":[340],"improving":[342],"means":[344],"by":[345],"ecological":[352],"indicators.":[353]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}
