{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416768397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/erp.2025.25646","title":"Impact of Melatonin Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Sensitivity: A Meta-Analysis","display_name":"Impact of Melatonin Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Sensitivity: A Meta-Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416768397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/erp.2025.25646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5152/erp.2025.25646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/erp.2025.25646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5152/erp.2025.25646","pdf_url":"https://endocrinolrespract.org/index.php/pub/article/download/1312/1109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663024","display_name":"Endocrinology research and practice.","issn_l":"2822-6135","issn":["2822-6135"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","russia-white-list-4","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Endocrinology Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://endocrinolrespract.org/index.php/pub/article/download/1312/1109","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Arash Rahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0147-7033","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0147-7033"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58048189","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arash Rahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0147-7033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061","https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120031774","display_name":"Mahdie Kalhor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8371-4281","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8371-4281"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153077","display_name":"Alborz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03hh69c20","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153077"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdie Kalhor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alborz University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Karaj, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8371-4281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alborz University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Karaj, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rosa Azad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7839-5282","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7839-5282"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114982161","display_name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04waqzz56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114982161"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosa Azad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Isfahan University of Medical Science School of Medicine, Isfahan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7839-5282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Isfahan University of Medical Science School of Medicine, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114982161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Amir Mohammad Karami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4567-5303","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4567-5303"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Mohammad Karami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tehran University of Medical Sciences School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4567-5303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114964797","display_name":"Aydin Hassanpour Adeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3687-2184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3687-2184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293555014","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Tabriz","ror":"https://ror.org/04hnf9a51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I1293555014"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aydin Hassanpour Adeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Islamic Azad University School of Medicine, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3687-2184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic Azad University School of Medicine, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293555014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119271054","display_name":"Fatemeh Eslampanah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3133-9520","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3133-9520"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39642139","display_name":"Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05vspf741","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39642139"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatemeh Eslampanah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Kermanshah, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3133-9520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Kermanshah, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39642139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039973197","display_name":"Yasamin Moeinipour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1009-5166","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1009-5166"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165560825","display_name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04sfka033","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165560825"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasamin Moeinipour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1009-5166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165560825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120392492","display_name":"Aida Bakhshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5829-406X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5829-406X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165560825","display_name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04sfka033","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165560825"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158832","display_name":"Ghaem Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05n9fs062","country_code":"IR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165560825","https://openalex.org/I4210158832"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aida Bakhshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad, Iran,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Faculty of medicine, Mashhad, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5829-406X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad, Iran,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Faculty of medicine, Mashhad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165560825","https://openalex.org/I4210158832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082258125","display_name":"Samira Peiravi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4814-6327","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4814-6327"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165560825","display_name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04sfka033","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165560825"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samira Peiravi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, Mashahad University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4814-6327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Mashahad University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165560825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090497147","display_name":"Mahdyieh Naziri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2981-0678","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2981-0678"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdyieh Naziri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iran University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2981-0678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iran University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032287741","display_name":"Niloofar Deravi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6965-6927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6965-6927","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7204-5465","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1623-5050"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58048189","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niloofar Deravi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6965-6927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061","https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1834,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1627566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melatonin","display_name":"melatonin","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melatonin-supplementation","display_name":"melatonin supplementation","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"insulin sensitivity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-metabolism","display_name":"glucose metabolism","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homa-ir","display_name":"HOMA-IR","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-heterogeneity","display_name":"treatment effect heterogeneity","score":0.44699999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778182776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180912","display_name":"Melatonin","level":2,"score":0.8901000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.8658000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7318999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6754000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.6523000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.6328999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017594256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin sensitivity","level":4,"score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17093226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734081","display_name":"Carbohydrate metabolism","level":2,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778808658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2975183","display_name":"Glucose clamp technique","level":5,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780352109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728309","display_name":"Pancreatic hormone","level":4,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777288759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164182","display_name":"Dosing","level":2,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.259799987077713}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5152/erp.2025.25646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/erp.2025.25646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5152/erp.2025.25646","pdf_url":"https://endocrinolrespract.org/index.php/pub/article/download/1312/1109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663024","display_name":"Endocrinology research and practice.","issn_l":"2822-6135","issn":["2822-6135"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","russia-white-list-4","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Endocrinology Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c62d973f121a4a31ad19caf19b502b92","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c62d973f121a4a31ad19caf19b502b92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Endocrinology Research and Practice, Vol 30, Iss 1 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5152/erp.2025.25646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/erp.2025.25646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5152/erp.2025.25646","pdf_url":"https://endocrinolrespract.org/index.php/pub/article/download/1312/1109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663024","display_name":"Endocrinology research and practice.","issn_l":"2822-6135","issn":["2822-6135"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","russia-white-list-4","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Endocrinology Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416768397.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416768397.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3198578693","https://openalex.org/W4400910006","https://openalex.org/W3189355281","https://openalex.org/W3167392931","https://openalex.org/W3013473928","https://openalex.org/W4281732126","https://openalex.org/W7216796327","https://openalex.org/W2433511304","https://openalex.org/W4403614263","https://openalex.org/W3110220429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"Data":[1,65],"on":[2,7,25,59,103,247],"the":[3,21,200],"effects":[4,58],"of":[5,23,101,244],"melatonin":[6,24,102,156,245],"insulin":[8,26,29,104,110,182,191,248],"sensitivity":[9,128],"and":[10,14,28,43,67,166,184,205,220,250],"resistance":[11,27,105,183,249],"is":[12],"limited":[13],"controversial.":[15],"This":[16],"meta-analysis":[17],"aims":[18],"to":[19,48,83,122,140,153,163,224],"investigate":[20],"impact":[22],"sensitivity.":[30],"Methods:":[31],"Following":[32],"PRISMA":[33],"guidelines,":[34],"a":[35,131,186],"systematic":[36],"search":[37],"was":[38,147],"conducted":[39],"in":[40,155,228],"PubMed,":[41],"Scopus,":[42],"Google":[44],"Scholar":[45],"databases":[46],"up":[47],"March":[49],"29,":[50],"2025.":[51,261],"Randomized":[52],"controlled":[53],"trials":[54],"(RCTs)":[55],"evaluating":[56],"melatonin\u2019s":[57,226],"glucose":[60,229],"metabolism":[61],"parameters":[62],"were":[63,70,93],"included.":[64],"extraction":[66],"quality":[68],"assessment":[69,108],"performed":[71],"using":[72],"Joanna":[73],"Briggs":[74],"Institute":[75],"(JBI)":[76],"checklists.":[77],"Statistical":[78],"analyses":[79,215],"utilized":[80],"random-effects":[81],"models":[82],"account":[84],"for":[85,109,202],"heterogeneity.":[86],"Results:":[87],"Eleven":[88],"RCTs":[89,211],"involving":[90],"393":[91],"participants":[92],"analyzed.":[94],"Pooled":[95],"estimates":[96],"showed":[97,185],"no":[98],"significant":[99],"effect":[100],"(homeostatic":[106],"model":[107],"resistance:":[111],"weighted":[112],"mean":[113],"difference":[114],"(HOMA-IR:":[115],"WMD)":[116],"=":[117,125,135,143,150],"\u22120.15,":[118],"95%":[119,137],"CI:":[120,138],"\u22120.50":[121],"0.19,":[123],"P":[124,142],".38).":[126],"Insulin":[127],"outcomes":[129],"demonstrated":[130],"non-significant":[132,187],"reduction":[133],"(WMD":[134],"\u22120.51,":[136],"\u22120.81":[139],"\u22120.21,":[141],".89).":[144],"Substantial":[145],"heterogeneity":[146,198],"observed":[148],"(I2":[149],"85.4%),":[151],"attributed":[152],"variability":[154],"dosing":[157],"(1-40":[158],"mg/day),":[159],"intervention":[160],"durations":[161],"(acute":[162],"24":[164],"weeks),":[165],"participant":[167],"characteristics":[168],"(healthy":[169],"vs.":[170],"type":[171],"2":[172],"diabetes":[173],"mellitus).":[174],"Conclusion:":[175],"Melatonin":[176],"supplementation":[177,246],"did":[178],"not":[179],"significantly":[180],"improve":[181],"trend":[188],"toward":[189],"reduced":[190],"sensitivity,":[192],"particularly":[193],"at":[194],"higher":[195],"doses.":[196],"High":[197],"underscores":[199],"need":[201],"cautious":[203],"interpretation":[204],"individualized":[206],"clinical":[207],"application.":[208],"Future":[209],"large-scale":[210],"should":[212],"prioritize":[213],"subgroup":[214],"by":[216],"dose,":[217],"administration":[218],"timing,":[219],"baseline":[221],"metabolic":[222],"status":[223],"clarify":[225],"role":[227],"regulation.":[230],"Cite":[231],"this":[232],"article":[233],"as:":[234],"Rahimi":[235],"A,":[236],"Kalhor":[237],"M,":[238],"Azad":[239],"R,":[240],"et":[241],"al.":[242],"Impact":[243],"sensitivity:":[251],"A":[252],"meta-analysis.":[253],"Endocrinol":[254],"Res":[255],"Pract.":[256],"Published":[257],"online":[258],"November":[259],"27,":[260],"doi:10.5152/erp.2025.25646.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}