{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416765932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w","title":"Fire intolerance of invasive woody plants evidenced by bark thickness: implications for invasion in fire-suppressed forests","display_name":"Fire intolerance of invasive woody plants evidenced by bark thickness: implications for invasion in fire-suppressed forests","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416765932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22619840","display_name":"Fire Ecology","issn_l":"1933-9747","issn":["1933-9747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fire Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022501649","display_name":"Deliang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-2440","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-2440"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110024","display_name":"Institute of Applied Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01thb7525","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deliang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-2440","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060129219","display_name":"Lauren S. Pile","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0096-913X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0096-913X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313416372","display_name":"US Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107718","display_name":"Northern Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/019jdc178","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210107718"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauren S. Pile Knapp","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I4210107718"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065013171","display_name":"Bridget Bloodwood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bridget L. Bloodwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0317, USA","Los Alamos National Laboratory, Department of Energy, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0317, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, Department of Energy, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027298021","display_name":"Timothy M. Shearman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-2156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-2156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy M. Shearman","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045173510","display_name":"Carlee Steppe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306727919","display_name":"Georgia Department of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbba190","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306727919"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlee Steppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0317, USA","Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia, Department of Natural Resources, Social Circle, GA, Social Circle, 30025, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0317, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia, Department of Natural Resources, Social Circle, GA, Social Circle, 30025, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306727919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015032572","display_name":"Carissa Adams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88694374","display_name":"Marshall University","ror":"https://ror.org/02erqft81","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88694374"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carissa Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA","Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0317, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88694374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0317, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hannah Spencer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Spencer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0317, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0317, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037958565","display_name":"G. Geoff Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-4859","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-4859"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. Geoff Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0317, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0317, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037958565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22042618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11691","display_name":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bark-thickness","display_name":"bark thickness","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invasive-woody-plants","display_name":"invasive woody plants","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-suppression","display_name":"fire suppression","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-regime-restoration","display_name":"fire regime restoration","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alien-plants","display_name":"non-native plants","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-diameter","display_name":"stem diameter","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-carolina-forests","display_name":"South Carolina forests","score":0.7099999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187258666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1922484","display_name":"Mesophyte","level":3,"score":0.8892999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133446333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38681","display_name":"Bark (sound)","level":2,"score":0.734499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141282968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1387972","display_name":"Plant ecology","level":2,"score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128758860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757163","display_name":"Woody plant","level":2,"score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.48510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136020623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183368","display_name":"Invasive species","level":2,"score":0.4652000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720458","display_name":"Bark beetle","level":3,"score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58330081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973582","display_name":"Diameter at breast height","level":2,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173651095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065449","display_name":"Introduced species","level":2,"score":0.35580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132215390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461335","display_name":"Abiotic component","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195330766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1409472","display_name":"Fire ecology","level":3,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159066","display_name":"Bromus inermis","level":3,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155681218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193110","display_name":"Floodplain","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778823381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165091","display_name":"Pinus contorta","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777945561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158487","display_name":"Salicaceae","level":3,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161221295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185973","display_name":"Plant physiology","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22619840","display_name":"Fire Ecology","issn_l":"1933-9747","issn":["1933-9747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fire Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42408-025-00397-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22619840","display_name":"Fire Ecology","issn_l":"1933-9747","issn":["1933-9747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fire Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5646952127","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309106","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416765932.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416765932.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1843895815","https://openalex.org/W1988048216","https://openalex.org/W1989849167","https://openalex.org/W2002901506","https://openalex.org/W2018338723","https://openalex.org/W2038207649","https://openalex.org/W2047934406","https://openalex.org/W2052466579","https://openalex.org/W2068135606","https://openalex.org/W2072552741","https://openalex.org/W2089785250","https://openalex.org/W2090191602","https://openalex.org/W2097153239","https://openalex.org/W2101412821","https://openalex.org/W2105570511","https://openalex.org/W2106565849","https://openalex.org/W2107513298","https://openalex.org/W2129566484","https://openalex.org/W2147505107","https://openalex.org/W2153954633","https://openalex.org/W2166643342","https://openalex.org/W2189296151","https://openalex.org/W2286942746","https://openalex.org/W2289046776","https://openalex.org/W2328893275","https://openalex.org/W2559021358","https://openalex.org/W2591632458","https://openalex.org/W2612368638","https://openalex.org/W2613417228","https://openalex.org/W2756000753","https://openalex.org/W2757403944","https://openalex.org/W2765401770","https://openalex.org/W2765436294","https://openalex.org/W2774999200","https://openalex.org/W2797230964","https://openalex.org/W2888059091","https://openalex.org/W2921078428","https://openalex.org/W2936541785","https://openalex.org/W2946209630","https://openalex.org/W2971304691","https://openalex.org/W2981419578","https://openalex.org/W3014478374","https://openalex.org/W3043111118","https://openalex.org/W3083884173","https://openalex.org/W3115042934","https://openalex.org/W3124488437","https://openalex.org/W3155957872","https://openalex.org/W3183089635","https://openalex.org/W3197008420","https://openalex.org/W3207143216","https://openalex.org/W4206710618","https://openalex.org/W4225433027","https://openalex.org/W4288067238","https://openalex.org/W4291747002","https://openalex.org/W4320889688","https://openalex.org/W4327757246","https://openalex.org/W4362670323","https://openalex.org/W4378953507","https://openalex.org/W4379285197","https://openalex.org/W4387964836","https://openalex.org/W4401251178","https://openalex.org/W4401700058","https://openalex.org/W4403298393"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Frequent":[2],"low-intensity":[3],"fires":[4],"historically":[5],"shaped":[6],"forest":[7],"composition":[8],"and":[9,33,56,70,127,133,138,184,216,223,231,247,249],"structure":[10],"in":[11,20,142,160,171,208,214,267],"the":[12,28,35,108,123,158,175,194,251,268],"southeastern":[13],"United":[14],"States":[15],"of":[16,30,37,53,85,90,253,270],"America":[17],"(USA).":[18],"However,":[19],"modern":[21],"times,":[22],"fire":[23,86,237,255],"suppression":[24,238],"has":[25],"inadvertently":[26],"facilitated":[27],"recruitment":[29],"mesophytic":[31,73,120,128,183,222],"trees":[32],"potentially":[34],"invasion":[36],"non-native":[38,63],"woody":[39,47,224,271],"plants.":[40,273],"In":[41],"this":[42],"study,":[43],"we":[44],"selected":[45],"twelve":[46],"broadleaved":[48],"plants":[49,226],"from":[50,174],"forested":[51],"areas":[52],"South":[54],"Carolina":[55],"categorized":[57],"them":[58],"into":[59],"three":[60],"groups:":[61],"(1)":[62],"invasive":[64,117,185,225,244,272],"species,":[65,69,103,118,189],"(2)":[66],"native":[67,72],"pyrophytic":[68,104,164,188],"(3)":[71],"species.":[74,186],"We":[75],"used":[76],"these":[77],"categories":[78],"to":[79,178,182,242],"examine":[80],"bark":[81,110,135,143,151,172,191,209,218],"thickness\u2014one":[82],"critical":[83],"determinant":[84],"tolerance\u2014across":[87],"a":[88,167,204],"spectrum":[89],"stem":[91,148,159,201],"sizes":[92],"(16.3":[93],"mm":[94],"<":[95,97],"DBH":[96],"69.4":[98],"mm).":[99],"Results":[100],"Across":[101],"all":[102,112,161],"species":[105,121,129,165,245],"consistently":[106],"exhibited":[107,166],"thickest":[109],"at":[111,193],"measurement":[113],"heights,":[114],"followed":[115],"by":[116],"while":[119],"had":[122],"thinnest":[124],"bark.":[125],"Invasive":[126],"displayed":[130],"similar":[131],"absolute":[132,215],"relative":[134,190,217],"thickness":[136,144,152,173,192,219],"values":[137],"demonstrated":[139],"comparable":[140],"trends":[141],"variation":[145],"with":[146,154,199],"increasing":[147,155,200],"size.":[149],"Absolute":[150],"decreased":[153,197],"height":[156,180],"along":[157,227],"groups;":[162],"however,":[163],"more":[168],"pronounced":[169],"decline":[170],"ground":[176,195],"line":[177,196],"breast":[179],"compared":[181],"For":[187],"sharply":[198],"diameter,":[202],"indicating":[203],"significant":[205],"early-life":[206],"investment":[207],"development.":[210],"Conclusions":[211],"The":[212],"congruence":[213],"patterns":[220],"between":[221],"both":[228],"horizontal":[229],"(DBH)":[230],"vertical":[232],"(height)":[233],"gradients":[234],"indicates":[235],"that":[236,250],"may":[239],"have":[240],"helped":[241],"facilitate":[243],"establishment":[246],"spread":[248],"restoration":[252],"historical":[254],"regimes":[256],"(e.g.,":[257],"repeated":[258],"surface":[259],"fire),":[260],"suggested":[261],"for":[262],"reducing":[263],"mesophytes,":[264],"could":[265],"aid":[266],"management":[269]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-24T07:57:37.273135","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}
