{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416747851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30427-1","title":"The effect of foam concrete grouting on urban structure vibrations in Tabriz metro lines 1 and 2","display_name":"The effect of foam concrete grouting on urban structure vibrations in Tabriz metro lines 1 and 2","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416747851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30427-1","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41310047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-30427-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30427-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30427-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-30427-1_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-30427-1_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096199439","display_name":"Samaneh Khodaei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107853901","display_name":"Sahand University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wdrmh81","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107853901"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samaneh Khodaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107853901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091714203","display_name":"Hamid Chakeri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5734-5347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5734-5347"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107853901","display_name":"Sahand University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wdrmh81","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107853901"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Chakeri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran. chakeri@sut.ac.ir","Department of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran. chakeri@sut.ac.ir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107853901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107853901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052948010","display_name":"Mohammad Darbor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9077"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107853901","display_name":"Sahand University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wdrmh81","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107853901"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Darbor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107853901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112962356","display_name":"Amir Hossein Nickjouye Tabrizi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9336-7647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9336-7647"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107853901","display_name":"Sahand University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wdrmh81","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107853901"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Hossein Nickjouye Tabrizi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107853901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091714203"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107853901"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.3815,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61814117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"45511","last_page":"45511"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13596","display_name":"Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics","score":0.614300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13596","display_name":"Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics","score":0.614300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.3386000096797943,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.019099999219179153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foam-concrete","display_name":"foam concrete","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grouting","display_name":"grouting","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration-isolation","display_name":"vibration isolation","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-speed","display_name":"propagation velocity","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniaxial-compressive-strength","display_name":"uniaxial compressive strength","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gelation-time","display_name":"gelation time","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-testing","display_name":"ultrasonic testing","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metro-line-2","display_name":"metro line 2","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/settlement-monitoring","display_name":"settlement monitoring","score":0.4309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778249042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4580104","display_name":"Grout","level":2,"score":0.7105000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.6541000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553237","display_name":"Settlement (finance)","level":3,"score":0.6093000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.5902000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5443000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.412200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984739757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Mechanical vibration","level":3,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58396970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212749","display_name":"Cracking","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16635281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496098","display_name":"Casting","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-30427-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30427-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30427-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-30427-1_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41310047","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41310047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a814f63b8bc74b5da1f2ac6a873a6402","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a814f63b8bc74b5da1f2ac6a873a6402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12749872","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12749872/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-30427-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30427-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30427-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-30427-1_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416747851.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416747851.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981934934","https://openalex.org/W2042731884","https://openalex.org/W2075504185","https://openalex.org/W2085044911","https://openalex.org/W2092573429","https://openalex.org/W2337826807","https://openalex.org/W2581979334","https://openalex.org/W2751990288","https://openalex.org/W2950018268","https://openalex.org/W2969804380","https://openalex.org/W3131277551","https://openalex.org/W3147827223","https://openalex.org/W3196811622","https://openalex.org/W4220813514","https://openalex.org/W4224016513","https://openalex.org/W4281638621","https://openalex.org/W4285388384","https://openalex.org/W4318477379","https://openalex.org/W4366144514","https://openalex.org/W4387701407","https://openalex.org/W4396652408","https://openalex.org/W4396845632","https://openalex.org/W4405705130","https://openalex.org/W4406103074","https://openalex.org/W4406699489"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,66,126],"construction":[1],"and":[2,27,59,118,179,219],"operation":[3],"of":[4,72,131,157,181,196,201,212,226],"urban":[5,188],"train":[6],"tunnels,":[7],"especially":[8],"beneath":[9],"dilapidated":[10],"areas,":[11],"often":[12],"cause":[13],"vibrations":[14,30],"that":[15,69,92],"disturb":[16],"residents.":[17],"A":[18],"prime":[19],"example":[20],"is":[21,88,135],"the":[22,162,167,194,216,223],"Tabriz":[23],"metro's":[24],"lines":[25],"1":[26],"2,":[28],"where":[29],"exceeded":[31],"permissible":[32],"limits,":[33],"leading":[34],"to":[35,94,173,192],"significant":[36],"public":[37],"dissatisfaction.":[38],"This":[39],"necessitated":[40],"a":[41,49,62,95,101,107,112,119,153,209],"20":[42],"dB":[43],"reduction":[44,97,180],"in":[45,82,98,104,110,115,122],"vibration":[46,63],"levels.":[47],"Consequently,":[48,160],"foam":[50,76,149,197],"concrete":[51,77,150,198],"injection":[52,79,142,178,199,217],"plan":[53],"was":[54,206],"laboratory-tested":[55],"for":[56,78,141,177],"its":[57,174],"quality":[58],"performance":[60],"as":[61],"insulation":[64],"material.":[65],"results":[67,147,218],"show":[68],"replacing":[70],"60%":[71,170],"conventional":[73,202],"grout":[74],"with":[75],"behind":[80,143],"segments":[81],"EPB":[83],"(earth":[84],"pressure":[85],"balance)":[86],"tunneling":[87],"an":[89],"innovative":[90],"approach":[91],"leads":[93],"56.5%":[96],"water":[99],"bleeding,":[100],"71.42%":[102],"increase":[103,109],"gel":[105],"time,":[106],"30%":[108],"viscosity,":[111],"35.8%":[113],"decrease":[114,121],"compressive":[116,129],"strength,":[117],"48%":[120],"wave":[123,154,182],"propagation":[124,155,183],"speed.":[125],"one-day":[127],"uniaxial":[128],"strength":[130],"this":[132,204,227],"mix":[133,165],"design":[134,205],"0.28":[136],"MPa,":[137],"making":[138],"it":[139],"suitable":[140,175],"segments.":[144],"Ultrasonic":[145],"test":[146],"on":[148],"samples":[151],"indicate":[152,222],"speed":[156],"237.31":[158],"m/s.":[159],"among":[161],"five":[163],"tested":[164],"designs,":[166],"one":[168],"containing":[169],"foam,":[171],"due":[172],"properties":[176],"speed,":[184],"can":[185],"effectively":[186],"reduce":[187],"structure":[189],"vibrations.":[190],"Furthermore,":[191],"assess":[193],"feasibility":[195],"instead":[200],"grout,":[203],"implemented":[207],"over":[208],"120-meter":[210],"section":[211],"Line":[213],"2.":[214],"Ultimately,":[215],"settlement":[220],"measurements":[221],"successful":[224],"application":[225],"design.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}